The Fair Tax Act Of 2013 Essays

The Fair Tax Act Of 2013 Essays The Fair Tax Act Of 2013 Essay The Fair Tax Act Of 2013 Essay The Fair Tax Act Of 2013 Name: Course: Date: The Fair Tax Act Of 2013 Conditions Surrounding Of the Fair Tax Act The fair tax proposal is meant to eliminate the unfairness in the current tax system. The current taxation policy imposes more on the wealthy population than on the other people. This tax burden is so much to an extent that in 2007 almost half of the overall income taxes were paid by 5% of the richest population while 40% of the citizens did not contribute to the tax pool. This tax system is too discriminatory, and the fair tax would eliminate this deficiency by enabling the citizens to control their tax expenditure. This proposal is however facing criticisms on the basis that it is regressive, and it would make the poor poorer since they spend most of their income on consumption of basic goods. The rich are also going to be favored while the middle class increases its tax burden. This is because the incomes of the middle class will be charged at a higher rate than those earning extremely large amounts of income. This would result to inequality in the society. This taxation system would ease the tax compliance hence promote investments and savings. The prices are also expected to reduce since the businesses will cut down on their costs of production. The system reduces the amount of tax revenue collected, and this would result in a federal budget deficit since it does not also address reduction of government spending. The system would present a big challenge in the collection of taxes and this will lead to tax evasion. The housing sector will be affected negatively since it will no longer be favored. Historical Links Of the Taxation Policies The taxation policies have undergone various reforms over the years. Around 1817, the government relied heavily on tariffs and abolished internal taxes. In 1862, an Act was established to ensure the effective collection of taxes and powers given to the commissioner of internal revenue to enact taxation laws. The 16th amendment of 1913 made income tax a significant source of the nation’s revenue. This was presided by unfair taxation policies in the collection of these taxes under the influence of powerful and influential people, which worked in their favor. This resulted in seeking fair and effective methods of tax imposition to maintain equality among members of the public. The fair tax act was one such method which is a viable tax system designed to ensure fairness in taxation. It was first introduced by Linder to the 106th congress in 1999. Similar bills have continuously been introduced to the congress since then. Therefore, the fair tax act is not a new thing to the Americ an citizens. Various committees have been set up to discuss the issue, but the bill has never gone past that stage. The bill has mostly been supported by the republicans, but the democrats have been reluctant in embracing the system. The US president, Barrack Obama opposes the bill arguing that it does not bring progress to tax systems. Proposition for the Fair Tax Act The Georgia for fair tax is a group representing the views of business people in favor of the fair tax system. They propose that the businesses stand to benefit from the system. This is because it eliminates taxes such as corporate taxes that increase the production costs. This means that they will produce at a lower cost and therefore sell at a lower price to the customers. This will allow the businesses have a better ground for competition in the international market hence this promotes international business transactions. Business transactions are not taxed thus facilitating them. Because of the fairness in taxation, a fair ground is provided for all businesses regardless of their sizes. Elimination of payroll taxes promotes reinvestment hence economic growth. Rob Woodall is a congressional representative in favor of the fair tax system. He represents the 7th district of Georgia. He says â€Å"the reason for this is that the fair tax isn’t about simply taxes; it is about f reedom†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Woodland, 2012). He insists it is a method of preventing over taxation. Fair tax system is the surest way of ensuring equity among citizens. His reason is that the system provides transparency in taxes collected. Similar rate of tax is charged on all goods purchased hence convenience in determine the exact amount of taxes charged on a certain amount of sales. It is of a simple structure and easy to understand unlike the current elaborate system that is too elaborate. The system eliminates allowances such as exemptions that make calculations very complicated and simply gives a simple rate of 23%. Ensures fairness in treatment of all citizens since a similar rate is charged on all kinds of goods regardless of the type. It would enable the realization of dreams among the people by minimizing the amount of taxes they pay from their hard work. It would offer freedom to the citizens and relieve the congress off its power to manipulate tax collection. This bill has ha d many sponsors who have taken a broad step in introducing it in various congress sessions. The greatest sponsor is John Linder who was the first to introduce the bill and continued to push for its adoption until his retirement. He even wrote a book, â€Å"The Fair Tax Book†, which explains his position in this system. He supports the fair treatment that it has to offer. Opposition One of the major opposers of the system is president Obama who supports a more progressive taxation system, which the system does not offer. Another group is the economists who represent the analytical population in the country. â€Å"FairTax is too good to be true, and voters should not take seriously any candidate who supports it† (Bartlett, 2007). There is a great risk in implementing this system. It encourages the reduction of the amount of taxes paid by citizens. This will mean that a lower amount of overall taxes will be collected by the government. It does not provide a method to cut down on the government expenditure. This results in a budget deficit. This deficit is not healthy for an economy since the government will have to adopt alternative measures to finance its expenditure. One of the financing alternatives is borrowing of funds that can be done internally or externally. This eventually translates into accumulation of debts. This hinders the economic growth of a country and reduces its credibility to the outside world hence the government will have problems in qualification of loans in the end. This will result in a government that spends what it does not have and relies on handouts for survival. Social Justice Social justice is the practice of maintaining equality and cohesion in a society by maintaining a balance in treatment of various social classes (younkins, 2000). The fair tax act is an issue of social justice since its effect has major effects on the social structure of the society. It is a progressive tax system meaning the poor pay lesser than the rich. Heavy taxes are charged on the poor and the amount collected is used in providing services for the society. This shows maintenance of balance among all the citizens and reduces the gap between the poor and the rich. This system also ensures fairness since taxes are charged on goods that all members of the society consume meaning every citizen will contribute to the taxes and regulate the amount of taxes paid through regulating consumption. Reference Bartlett, Bruce. (August 25 2007). The deceptive presentation of the fair tax proposal. Economist’s view. Retrieved from http://economistsview.typepad.com/economistsview/2007/08/the-deceptive-p.html Younkins, Edward W. (September 30 2000). Taxation and Justice. Capitalism and Commerce. Retrieved From quebecoislibre.org/000930-11.htm Woodland, Rob. (2012). The Fair T Woodland Ax. Congressman Rob Woodall. Retrieved From http://woodall.house.gov/issue/fairtax

Branding essay part 2

Branding essay part 2 Branding essay part 2 Branding essay part 2Branding essay part  1Challenges and opportunitiesAt the moment, Natural Kitchen faces the problem of several design challenges. First of all, the company has to focus on the improvement of the consumer trust which is essential for the creation of a reliable and reputable brand. If customers do not trust with the brand, the company cannot gain any considerable success in the market and improve its competitive position (Brown, 2003). As the company can expand its business nationwide as well as internationally, it can use its brand to expand but still keep core identity. The core identity is essential for the maintenance of the brand that means that the company should not change its brand along with the expansion of its business. The creation of a stable, recognizable and popular brand should become priorities of the company. Finally, at the moment, the company faces the problem of the co-operation with other organisations (environmental, fair-trade, lifestyle, c harities, etc.). Such cooperation can influence kids and shoppers to think about environmental and sustainable issues. The interaction with public organisations, wider involvement of the company into community activities and other forms of the cooperation of Natural Kitchen with other organisations contributes to the improvement of the public image of its brand and the overall formation of the positive attitude of the public to the company’s brand.The process for selecting a suitable branding agencyThe selection of a suitable branding agency is very responsible and important process. In this regard, Natural Kitchen should elaborate key criteria for the selection of the branding agency (Peters, 2007). At this point, the selection of the branding agency should match the marketing goals of the company and its marketing strategy. Taking into consideration the opportunity of the development of the company’s operations nationwide and internationally, Natural Kitchen should s elect the agency that operates in the UK and takes one of the leading positions in the UK branding industry (Mohrman, 2009). At the same time, the company should not refer to the branding agency which has a large staff and multiple customers because, in such a case, the company may face the problem of the standard approach used by the branding company to the creation of Natural Kitchen brand. Instead, Natural Kitchen needs the branding agency that uses the personalized approach to each customer and is capable to meet specific needs of the company and understand its uniqueness. Therefore, a relatively small agency may be the right choice for Natural Kitchen. In this regard, Rareform is the right choice of the branding agency for Natural Kitchen because this is one of the most successful branding agencies in the UK, although its annual revenue does not exceed $1 million that means that the company does not involve a large number of serious projects that may distract the best human res ources of the branding agency. Instead, Natural Kitchen may count on the involvement of the best professionals of the successful branding agency for the creation of the new brand of the company or the improvement of the existing one.Chosen branding agency and the approach to the briefThe chosen agency, Rareform, is the successful branding agency which main approach is based on the personalized, customer-centred approach to each customer (Gitlow, 2009). In such a way, Natural Kitchen can gain considerable benefits from the cooperation with Rareform because the agency will take into consideration specificities of the company and meet its branding needs and goals (Bamberg, 2000). Rarefrom can provide Natural Kitchen with an opportunity to create the unique brand that mirrors the vision and mission of the company and helps Natural Kitchen to implement successfully its marketing strategy oriented on the national and international market expansion.Plan  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The rollout of the n ew brand, phases and plan and budgetThe new brand of Natural Kitchen is the brand oriented on the delivery of healthy food products to its customers. The primary concern of the brand is the customer health. This is why the company is supplying organic food products that are healthy and safe for human health as well as natural environment. The first stage of the development of the new brand is the identification of the brand philosophy, which is the philosophy based on the healthy food for mass customers (Viardot, 2001). The next stage is the identification of the target customer group, which is customers in the UK and this customer group may expand steadily internationally. The next step is the elaboration of the methods of the brand promotion. In this regard, the company should identify tools and methods that may be applied successfully. In case of Natural Kitchen, the company should focus on the development of close company-community ties that means that the company can promote it s brand within local communities throughout the UK. For instance, the company can sponsor health programs informing the public of the importance of the healthy food for their health. The company can sponsor meetings of health care professionals with local community members. In such a way, the company will create the image of the socially responsible company that takes care of customers’ health and offers products that may be useful for their health. The budget of the project (See App.) will need to raise funds for the implementation of the plan of the new branding policy of the company but the project will start brining return on investment during first years of the implementation of the project.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ROI and testingThe company can start receive return on investments during the second and third years of the implementation of the new branding policy. The first year will be the most difficult one since the company will need to invest in the creation and promotion of its brand. The overall success of the project and its effectiveness can be measured with the help of the assessment of the recognition of the brand by customers in the UK. The assessment of the recognition of the brand of the company can be conducted with the help of surveys conducted online or via phones.ConclusionsThus, Natural Kitchen has extensive opportunities to develop its business successfully. However, the company needs to enhance its brand image because the brand of the company is very important for its marketing success. The brand influences the perception of the company by customers and influences its competitive position. Natural Kitchen should use the branding agency’s services to reach the target customer group and create a strong and attractive brand that is recognised nationwide.

Adult Lifelong Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Adult Lifelong Learning - Essay Example The stages can serve the adult educators by finding out the vital link between their development and how useful it will be for them in the long-range scheme of things. It will tell them exactly how their nuances would be handled and what needs to be discerned as far as the future domains are concerned. The adult educators have a good enough idea as to how their success graph would be measured and what they need to learn over a period of time. It will them exactly where they are lacking and what they need to adapt with the passage of time. 3. If you were to take a course, in which stage from above would you be? How would it influence your choice? If I was allowed to choose a course from the different development stages, I will go for early adulthood as this is the age that I am looking forward to having currently. It will tell me exactly how the transition within my life will come about and what I must adopt in order to move forward with the different undertakings of my own life. Exer cise 2: Based on the following document, titled Focus on Basics, define Informational vs. Transformational Teaching. In your journal, comment on which one applies to your own teaching philosophy and why? Informational teaching is comprised of providing information towards the educators’ domains whereby he reads the instructions beforehand and then goes about implementing the same. The aspect of transformational teaching is a bit different where the transformation takes place on a natural level. There is the acquisition of skill with proper knowledge not being present; however, the knowledge and information are gained with the passage of time through actual learning regimes that are employed. Informational teaching makes use of the proper guidelines which are already in place and that need to be studied out loud in order to reap success for the educators.

Project Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Project Management - Case Study Example This is an added advantage for Rachel since at that time there is no distractions hence total concentration. However, although she gets to work early, in the first twenty minutes after getting into the office, she does nothing constructive. Instead, she takes these twenty minutes to socialize with her colleague Neil. Although socializing gets an individual in a good mood to start off the day, it is unadvisable since it may also act as a distraction (Erik and Clifford, 2011). Question 2: What does the case tell you about what it is like to be a project manager? It is worth noting that project management is not an easy task since it is a leadership position. Therefore, as a project manager, Rachel should arrive early in order to set a trend for her team members on punctuality and time management. More so, by the time the company managing director arrives, Rachel should be able update him or her on the progress of the project, as well as, the working team. There are a number of manageri al traits that are required of a project manager. First, project manager is a supervisor that over sees all the operations concerning the project (Erik and Clifford, 2011). For instance, Rachel spends most of the day moving from one office to the other supervising her team, consulting with her workmates as well as reporting to her boss. Secondly, as a project manager, one should play an assistive role to his or her colleagues. For example, Rachel helps another IS project manager in reviewing the project and bringing it back on track. Finally, a project manager should be social and keep in touch with everyone within and outside their organization. Rachel communicates with her team members and discusses extensively with her counterparts from client firms. These, among other reasons, show that the role of a project manager is a generally a one man task. 2) Moss and McAdams Accounting firm This case study is based on an occurrence at the Moss and McAdams (M&M) firm that caused a conflic t of interest between two managers: Bruce Palmer and Ken Crosby. The disagreement was on whom Mr. Zeke Olds, a very resourceful person, should work for. However, there are a number of reasons that place Crosby as the most suitable person to work with Olds. Question 1: If you were Palmer at the end of the case, how would you respond? The first reason would be that it is not advisable to have a member of the team who is not fully committed to the roles he or she is supposed to play. In addition, it would be best for Bruce to avoid conflicting with Crosby who was an important colleague (Erik and Clifford, 2011). Question 2: What, if anything, could Palmer have done to avoid losing Olds? According to Erik and Clifford, 2011, Although Palmer would have taken some impromptu actions to avoid losing Olds; it was the best action at the time. Initially, he could have held a discussion with both Crosby and Olds for the purpose of making a proper timetable as well as setting rules that would no t disadvantage either party. The second reason was that Palmer took quite a while before communicating with Ruby Sands, the manager in charge of assigning personnel to various accounts at the Green Bay Office in which Palmer and Cosby were based. Had he communicated his wish earlier, the situation would have been kept in control and his project, the Johnsonville Project, would have been kept on schedule. However, Crosby was not an understanding colleague since he expected favors although he could not return

Gender and Power in the Media Essay Example for Free

Gender and Power in the Media Essay Media is the best avenue for companies to advertise their products, especially if they want to reach a greater scopre of target consumers. Every day, persuasion through the television, internet, and radio commercials, as well as in printed ads and billboards will make them sell more of their products in an effectual manner (Allen). Radio and television are the two channels where most Americans get information, especially news, aside from the Internet, magazines, and many others. And because of these two media, they can definitely change the way audiences perceive things in society, especially the youth, who may be more vulnerable to media influence compared to adults. This may partly be attributed to their inexperience. It affects how they decide on things that matter greatly to them and to others (Reed). The core and obvious difference is that the radio only produces sound, while the television produces both sound and images. The radio was formed from different ideas coming from Michael Faraday’s electromagnetism, to James Clark Maxwell’s treatise on electricity and magnetism, to Heinrich Hertz’ Hertzian waves, down to Gugliemo Marconi’s wireless telegraph and signal company (the world’s first radio factory) and tuned syntonic telegraphy (Parker). The radio was first used as a transmitter of information, especially for the ships who sails long distances (Parker). This later on became a major requirement for ships, especially to have radio auxiliary power and two operators with a licensed driver after the Titanic sank in early 1900’s (Schoenherr). Previously, the programs in radio were only for musical and talk show purposes. However, starting 1940, the programs in radio also offered drama and news (Schoenher). In California, KALW San Francisco is one of the stations that operated in FM as it was aired on September 1. 1941. It was licensed by the Federal Communications Commission on March 10, 1941, to broadcast educational programs. Its first program was Schoolcast. The listeners of this program were mostly soldiers training in tanks as their radio is reached by the signal of the station (Tripod. com). Radio was even once classified as monopolistic competition, as only few individuals or group of people operate the radio industry in some states. But with the Telecommunications act of 1996, ownership was also granted to some groups (Drushel). Nowadays, there are registered and licensed 643 public and private FM and AM radio stations available for the listeners in California. One of these is 102. 7 KIIS FM or KISS FM in Spanish located in Los Angeles (SHG Resources State Handbook and Guide). The station was first heard in 1948. Presently, it was owned and managed by Clear Channel Communications. The station is actually a result of change formats, purchasing, and trade frequencies among defunct radio stations, individuals, and companies. Today it the stations is also known as LA’s #1 Hit Music Radio Station as it is one of the highest rated Radio station in the United States, and is recognized as 2007’s station of the year. The station plays RB, pop, and rock music. They said that their play list is based on the likes of their listeners. Unlike any other station, they censor the songs before they play it on air. One of the popular personalities in the station is Ryan Seacrest. In society, some topics are beyond common knowledge, for example technical terms that are medical in nature and only medical experts can further explain. By having discussions on the radio or in television or having these placed in an article will allow information for more people, especially if these concern health and safety of the majority. Critical issues need to be exposed, analyzed, evaluated, and properly addressed, thus the role of media is vital in this stage (RadioIslam. org). Popular media, like FM Radio programs, particularly KIIS FM, in the late capitalist societies became the primary source of knowledge and experience virtually about anything, including gender. It is said that they are important in the creation of power relations in society (Hains). Take for example the social status of women and men. In the construction of gender and sexuality, it is said that the school, particularly the teacher, plays a very important role in this crucial stage. As expected, one can only be masculine and feminine. In some cases, some of the abuses of these children are coming from male teachers, whether this be physical or verbal. Some experts opine that femininity is always shown as sexual appeal, while men are sex seekers. Students would favor a woman teacher rather than a male teacher because they act as mothers and more overtly show concern for their students. To some students, male teachers are impatient. Male students are punished heavily by male teachers as compared to female students. Having said all of these, we can say that both sexes experience harassment and abuse from both sexes, and not just the females (Chege). The media can use their influence to expose these problems and seek help and justice for this people, who at an early age have been subjected to such trauma. Moreover, it may be worth noting that media may also be partly blamed for reinforcing both the abusive behavior of the teacher and the shame felt by student over her stigma (Chege). Previously, females were viewed as passive. They are not allowed to work and usually stay at home, doing the chores of a wife, and only serve as trophies of their husbands. Worse, they are not allowed to go to school as it was believed that only men can seek education since they are the heads of their families. They are always expected to watch themselves and to act according to the norms of society, especially in the eyes of men as she is the object of men’s sight. Her skin must be supple, hairless, and smooth. Her face must be free of wrinkles, with no signs of stress or whatsoever. Her lips must be kissable, and her eyes mysterious. Women are said to be more restricted with their movements. They must be cross legged when sitting, and toes pointing only in straight or inward directions. Aside from these, they are also trained to show their smiles more than men do. They must stand with stomach in and chest out. If any of these are violated, it means that they violated norms of morals, speech, and movements. Moreover, women tend to occupy the lower and marginalized positions in a company, or even in society. Most women are given reproductive, productive, and community work. Reproductive tasks would include giving birth, feeding and educating her kids, taking care of her husband and children, and other domestic tasks. Her productive work would mean to produce products and services for others’ consumption. Community work would entail her to support different activities that will directly benefit society through volunteerism. However, not all women are given the chance to enjoy community work, since they are burdened by her reproductive and productive functions. Men tend to be more powerful in most realms. Needless to say, they occupy most of the highest positions in industrial organizations and society; thus the glass ceiling phenomenon (Chege). On the other hand, men are expected to be active, and to make things happen. They go out of their houses to work, and were sent to school whether they like it or not. Men are allowed to sit with legs apart so they can move loosely from one place to another (Employees. oneonta. edu). Nowadays, as media plays a greater role in building society, things have changed. There is equality among men and women. Women are more empowered to do things that men usually do. Media brought the new concept of a woman, someone who is ideal. For most, what is beautiful is a woman who is firm, with a narrow hip, with a small breast, and slim, as evidenced by the models in the cover of a magazine. For those who do not posses this kind of body, dieting is an alternative. Another way is to have surgery in order to enhance one’s physical attributes. Diet and surgery are some of the popular topics both in print and non-print media (Employees. oneonta. edu). Women are becoming more liberal as evidenced in the paper of Izabel Magalhaes. She said that it the responsibility of media especially radio in introducing the said concept to these women. Media is more open about talking about women’s stories that discuss their sex experiences at the expense of entertainment of others (Magalhaes). They say what they feel; they enact what they think (Employees. oneonta. edu). Women would go to school and get the job opportunities opened for men, and nowadays, women excel in different fields, almost overtaking men in different positions and levels. Some male workers would even be surprised that their boss is a woman In KIIS FM; men are not the only DJ’s in the station. There are also women who work everyday for the station. Even in describing the achievements of a woman, some adjectives that are associated with men are actually used. Those words are not anymore exclusive to men. The main reason is that men are usually viewed as individuals with physical strength. Nowadays, physical strength is not the only issue, topics about men’s health, fashion, and trips are now being featured by the media. This time, the notion that men only desires for women is not anymore true, since nowadays they are also interested in fashion, health, and many other things like women do (Magalhaes). As what have mentioned a while ago, media, particularly radio is also used to attract possible buyers by different companies. It is said that advertising, such as those in radios, contributes in representing and constructing gender identities in urban region which also exists in the past. The interests of large corporations are presented to the people, and whoever has the most interesting advertising skills and features will be favored by the consumers (Magalhaes). Alternatives were provided in front of us everyday, both are competitively packaged. Women are now represented by these advertisements as liberal, yet viewed as a commodity to be used by the society. Men on the other hand, are presented to be not only dominant over women, but with other types of men as well: disabled, heterosexual, homosexuals, and many others. At some point, women remains presented as incapable and dependent on men, and that it is assumed by the society that their existence is for the purpose of men’s pleasure. Some advertisements would use adjectives for a product that is a characteristic of a woman (Magalhaes). The choice of words will trigger our minds to think of different things. But because of these, more women are verbally harassed by men, whether in public or in private places. This injury is transformed into grievance, and lastly to a dispute. These situations encouraged more women to aspire greater positions in the society like in Congress, in the courtroom, or in media, and to acquire greater power. It is assumed that the media can change an individual’s outlook in life, behavior, ethics, and values. The combination of media with law, for example, has goals of transforming the society, using naming, blaming, and claiming. Naming would imply discussing harassment and defining it; blaming would mean identifying the suspect for harassment; and claiming would demand for the transformation of grievance into a remedy. In this situation, media can be used to educate the people in the different harassments that women acquire. But despite this fact, until now, there are still women who remains marginalized in the society. They still remain powerless and voiceless against the criminals (Laniya). Aside from advertising, media is also influential in the political realm. In every Presidential election, candidates would use the media to reach more people, and to persuade them to vote for him or her, such as in the case of the United States. This scheme started in 1930’s and 40’s when President Roosevelt used the radio to campaign in such a conversational manner with the people. Its success triggered other U. S Presidents to follow him, such as Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy. Aside from media exposure for these candidates, media can also be a source of funds for the candidates (The University of Texas at Austin). The voter’s idea of the personality of the speaker either make or break them. However, we should remember that personality and leadership is not really together. There were presidents who are idolized for their great leadership, but not for their personality. There were inefficient leaders who are revered for their personality (The University of Texas at Austin). Television and radio debates are important especially in educating the voters about who the deserving candidate They scrutinize the past and present of this candidates. But although media affects our decision regarding this matter, studies would show that face to face contact is still the most effective medium to get votes from the people. In election histories, it is said that a well oiled political machine, particularly with good relationship with the media, is more likely to win the elections (The University of Texas at Austin). In this juncture, we can say that indeed, media has the power to make a change, but not as much powerful as we do (The University of Texas at Austin). The real problem is that people does not have the power to control the media. It is said that in this setting it is the minority that dictates the people the things that they want others to know, the events that will only be consider for reporting, the facts that will be examined and evaluated, and many other instances. This minority controls the media, which affects the politics of the country, then way wee live, the way we talk, the way we think, and many others. The discussion on radio and televisions regarding any political issue that directly affects the interest of the people is only limited, as it is restricted to discuss some sensitive issues. Take for example if the discussion on the radio program is anti-Semitism, the station would not actually invite true anti-Semitist. In this case, the discussion is not really a discussion of the topic at all. Investigative journalism on the other hand, plays as a hero in revealing to us the hidden truth, up to some point that they already invade public lives (RadioIslam. org). The music played on the radio affects our moods and our emotions. Music can trigger sad and happy memories, depending on the song played at the program. Radio stations can dictate what kind of music and genres society ought to appreciate, and which singers ought to be popular. It modifies choice of music into something that favors the capitalist. Other artists may not be given the chance to be heard and present their talent (RadioIslam. org).

The Gothic Theme In Frankenstein Essays -- essays research papers

The term Gothic refers to a genre that came about in the late eighteenth century. It can be a type of story, clothing, or music nowadays. In this paper it will refer to a style of literature. A very good example of this type of literature is Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. There is a sense of foreboding throughout the whole novel, which is one of the basic necessities of the Gothic. This theme of the Gothic has different characteristics that all fit into the story of Victor Frankenstein and his monster and make this one of the first horror stories every told. The very first characteristic of a Gothic novel is its sinister setting. The opening sentence in Frankenstein sets the mood for the rest of the book. Shelley begins her novel with, "You will rejoice to hear that no disaster has accompanied the commencement of an enterprise which you have regarded with such evil forebodings" (p. 13). At this point in the novel, Walton is on a ship in the middle of the North Pacific Ocean, on his way to the North Pole. He is being blocked from all sides by ice, and can see nothing but ice for miles. The landscape is barren, and all of his crew is in fear of running out of food and fresh water. This setting is very sinister in lieu of the imminent death that is facing the crew members. When the scene switches to the life of Victor Frankenstein, the reader finds out that everything is wonderful throughout his childhood. Later, when he goes away to college in pursuit of knowledge about alchemy and other sciences, everything gets darker and darker. When construction of the creature begins, Victor describes his workshop as "a solitary chamber, or rather cell, at the top of the house, and separated from all the other apartments by a gallery and staircase. This is where [he] kept [his] workshop of filthy creation" (p. 53). He goes on to describe the "dissecting room" and "slaughter-house" that provided his material (p.53). This, too, adds to the sinister setting and evil undertones of the novel. The setting also serves the purpose of reflecting the feelings of the characters in the novel. Whenever Frankenstein is upset or someone is going to jail, it is raining. A Gothic novel would not be complete without a lot of rain. ... ...to Frankenstein ends up dying and even Walton is in danger of being killed if he stays out to sea too long. Death, darkness, rain, and horror are all needed to make a good Gothic novel. Not only did Mary Shelly include all these things, she added a few to make the story even more interesting. Her novel meets all the characteristics for a work of Gothic fiction. As Malamund mentions, "Shelley's monster [is] at home amid the Gothic, and [is] able to march forward--undaunted by the landscape of terror" (p.45). WORKS CONSULTED Crowell, Thomas Y., et al. The Complete Works of Edgar Allan Poe. Boston: Desmond Publishing Co., 1902. Shelly, Mary. Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus. 1818. England: Penguin Putnam Inc., 1992. Malamud, A. "Frankenstein's Monster: The Gothic Voice in the Waste Land." English Language Notes 46 (1988): 41-45. Parkin-Gounelas, Ruth. "Learning What We Have Forgotten." English Language Notes 39 (1987): 215-219.

Eugene O’neill and the the Rebirth of Tragedy a Comparative Survey on Mourning Becomes Electra and Oresteia

Eugene Gladstone O'Neill is one of the greatest American playwrights, he is known for plays such as â€Å"Long Day's Journey into Night† ,†Beyond the Horizon† (1920), â€Å"Anna Christie† (1922), â€Å"Strange Interlude† (1928), â€Å"Mourning Becomes Electra†(1931)and The Iceman Cometh (1946). His plays probe the American Dream, race relations, class conflicts, sexuality, human aspirations and psychoanalysis. He often became immersed in the modernist movements of his time as he primarily sought to create â€Å"modern American drama† that would rival the great works of European modernists such as Ibsen, Strindberg and G. B. Shaw. O’Neill was a great admirer of classical theatre and as a young man he had read Friedrich Nietzsche’s work about the origin of Greek tragedy, in consequence he was very familiar with the subject and the techniques of representation. The ideas of the German critique and philosopher guided his dramatic works, in which he manifested the ability to adapt the defining characteristics of the classical tragedy to a modern script and audience. Thus, it is not surprising that we encounter God Dionysus in â€Å"Lazarus Laughed† (1928) or an adaptation of Oedipus’ character in â€Å"Desire Under the Elms(1924). As for â€Å"Mourning Becomes Electra† (1931), O’Neill explores Greek tragedy, attempting to modernize it. The play is based on Aeschylus’s trilogy The Oresteia (though it is closer to Sophocles’ Electra than to Aeschylus’ plays). In a 1931 letter to drama critic Brooks Atkinson, O’Neill wrote, â€Å"Greek criticism is as remote from us as the art it criticizes. What we need is a definition of Modern and not Classical Tragedy by which to guide our judgments† (Letters 19886: 390). The play (a trilogy made up of three plays) examines a post-Civil War American family. The scene in â€Å"Mourning Becomes Electra† is laid on a carefully chosen setting- a city in New England, immediately after the Civil War. It is remarkable whatsoever that O’Neill set the plot against such a historical background that had been previously chosen for the setting of great American novels by writers such as W. Faulkner or Nathaniel Hawthorne. It is well known that the South was the cradle of American aristocracy, which after the Civil War underwent a severe decay, thus providing a suitable climate for recreating a Greek tragedy. . The plot of the first two parts of the trilogy- Homecoming and the The Hunted closely follows the pattern of the events described in Agamemnon and the The Libation Bearers (Choephoroi): Ezra Mannon (Agamemnon) who ad jus t come back from the war was killed by his wife –Christine (Clitemnestra) with the help of her lover, captain Adam Brant(Aegisthus); further on Lavinia (Electra), the Mannons’ daughter, forces her brother Orin(Oreste) to punish the murder of their father. The Erinnyes[1] take the shape of madness in Orin’s case, as he feels responsible for the death of his mother and he is haunted by the feelings of guilt and remorse. The third part of the trilogy differs at some extent, as Orin kills himself while Oreste is exonerated of his guilt. There are many other details that are different from Aeschylus’ trilogy: for instance, Ezra Mannon didn’t sacrifice Iphigenia before leaving, his death and that of other characters is also different: the sword is replaced by the poison, and the matricide was a suicide caused by the son’s conduct. However, in spite of all these differences, O’Neill largely maintains the plotline of the Greek trilogy. Besides the plot, O’Neill preserves elements of â€Å"Oresteia† such as the use of masks, which enables him to individualize the tragic heroes from that of the anonymous group of the Chorus. All of the Mannons are described as having a very peculiar expression which reminds of a mask, just their eyes seem to have a certain vitality:†Her face is unusual, one is struck at once by the strange impression it gives in repose of being not living flesh but a wonderfully life-like pale mask, in which only the deep-set eyes are alive†(the description of Lavinia, p. 7); these masks that they naturally bear are a mark of their hero-like status which places them above the rest of the community, formed of characters such as servants or neighbors. It is remarkable how O’Neill contrives to preserve the Chorus, which is a fundamental element of the Greek tragedy. Although it is not as dramatic as the tragic Chorus of the classical Greek plays, each and every of the three parts of â€Å"Mourning Becomes Electra† begins with the performance of a chorus formed of different men and women that comment upon the Mannons, the history of their family, revealing to the audience details about the behavior and the character of the heroes. Moreover, the setting chosen by O’Neill is similar to the classical one used by the Greeks. It is known that in Aeschylus’ times a wooden wall was used as a background of the setting, the wall usually stood for a palace or a temple and this exactly the same as in O’Neill’s trilogy, as the greatest part of the action takes place in front of the Mannon’s residence which is described as being an enormous stone mansion that has the aspect of a Greek temple(the temple of god Apollo) â€Å"with a white wooden portico, with six tall columns†[2]. However that was the typical construction for a house that belonged to an American aristocratic family in the XIX century. In â€Å"Mourning Becomes Electra†, O’Neill brought into consonance the fundamental traits of the Greek tragedy and the specific elements of modern theatre, thus creating a modern tragedy that would please the contemporaneous audience. The tragedy of the House of Atreus is relocated in New England, at the end of the Civil War (the action of the play takes place between 1865 -1866), creating in this way an appropriate atmosphere. There are also allusions regarding the Gold Rush (p. 31), the assassinate of President Lincoln (p. 82) or the abolition of slavery (p. 256). Given this historical framework, â€Å"Mourning Becomes Electra† has a series of both thematic an stylistic elements that provide a modern like character, making a tragedy of our times out of it. First of all, one can observe how the puritan environment that surrounds the characters, enables O’Neill to have a modernist approach to the Greek expression of Fate. Quite similar to the Greek tragedies in which there is an obvious interference of the gods in the life of the â€Å"mortals†, or the tragic flaw or the hubris are put on the account of a supernatural force, and the mistakes of the ancestors inflict upon the present, in O’Neill’s work the presence of a power that prevails above all is also encountered. One the one hand, it is the history of the Mannons that triggers the tragedy(Adam Brant comes to revenge his father, who was disinherited), the portraits of the Mannons hanged throughout the house play an important part as they seem to observe and govern the Destiny of their descendants. On the other hand, the characters seem to accept quite naturally the rigor of destiny, for instance, Mrs. Hills, one of the members of the chorus that performs in the beginning of the second part, blames the Destiny for the death of Ezra Mannon, although she also casts a spiritual and divine shadow: â€Å"Maybe it is fate. You remember, Everett, you’ve always said about the Mannons that pride goeth before a fall and that someday God would humble them in their sinful pride†[3]. In between the lines 469-470 of Agamemnon the same matter is dealt with, as the chorus speaks about the danger of receiving too much praise, referring to Agamemnon who victoriously came back to Argos:â€Å"There is peril in the praise; Over-praised that he hears; For the thunder it is hurled from God's eyes†[4]. Mrs. Hills is the wife of Everett Hills, a minister of the North-American Congregational Church, so apparently, Zeus took the shape of a puritan god. It is a god that handles the threads that control the humans (according the Puritan belief in predestination), a god of justice who punishes those who transgress the strict moral code of New England’s puritan society. There are several innuendoes that continuously remind us that we deal with a Puritan milieu: Christine hates the house she lives in because of its â€Å"Puritan grey ugliness†(p. 34), she calls Lavinia â€Å"Puritan maiden†(p. 78) and her hatred towards Ezra Mannon is put on account of his Puritanism which prevents him to fully satisfy his wife in their love relationship. (p. 102). Even though O’Neill inserted the idea of Fate and predestination in his trilogy, this is just the surface layer, a pretext to conceal the real human frailties that are the source of tragic. The tragic flaw or the hubris are in fact of a different nature than that in the classical Greek plays (Fate), it is the hero’s weak and instinctual nature that urges him to commit reprehensible deeds such as murder or incestuous behavior. In his eagerness to adapt the classical legend to the modern times, O’Neill took into account the psychological developments of his time, especially when creating the heroes. One can foresee in his characters the projection of Sigmund Freud’s and Carl Gustav Jung’s theories about the importance of the subconscious, infantile sexuality, and the relationship between parents and children. In Mourning Becomes Electra we can observe a wide range of emotional disorders that trouble the characters in their family relationships: Orin obviously manifests Oedipus’ complex, as the main reason of his revenge (him killing Aegisthus) is not that of making justice, but rather his desire to get rid of his mother’s lover. Subsequently, once the mother is dead, the incestuous feeling develops towards his sister, Lavinia, given her physical resemblance with her mother, Orin displaces the love he once had for his mother to Lavinia. As far as Lavinia is concerned, she clearly suffers of Electra’s complex, as she passionately loves her father and permanently looks up to usurp her mother’s place. The origin of this disorder has its roots in Lavinia’s childhood as she was rejected by her mother ever since she was born. In her pursuit to supervene upon her mother’s position she unconsciously yearns for the love of Adam Brant(who physically resembles her ather, Ezra Mannon). Her feelings for Adam Brant and the hatred that she feels for her mother are in fact the true reasons of her revenge. Lavinia comes to acknowledge this in the end of the play when her subconscious plays her a trick (she calls her fiance, Peter, by the name of Adam) and commits what Norman Berlin calls â€Å"a F reudian slip†[5]. Although O’Neill denied to have had a deep knowledge of the theories that stood at the basis of psychoanalysis[6], it is beyond doubt that these principles surround the entire work, enhancing the characters with peculiar traits and motivations. Thus, it results a classical legend in modern psychological terms that were widely disseminated among the society of the XXth century, in consequence easy to understand for the contemporaneous spectators. Moreover, it is obvious that Mourning Becomes Electra does not have the poetic quality of Oresteia, as O’Neill doesn’t use the verse as a means of expression; although at times the tone might seem solemn and dignified, we deal with a work that is written in colloquial prose, full of phrases and idiomatic expressions appropriate to the social class that the heroes belong to. Even the language of the chorus reflects the speech of the American working class of the time, with their peculiar syntax, vocabulary and pronunciation. Although some representative literary figures wrote theatre in verse[7], the contemporary audience was not much accustomed to attend such a performance. O’Neill does not disappoint his audience in this matter. In conclusion, Eugene O’Neill encompasses in â€Å"Mourning Becomes Electra† all the aspects of modern civilization such as the Puritan environment, psychology and language attached to the distinctive features of Greek tragedy that he preserves from the original: the plotline, the masks, the chorus and the setting that convey an attractive uniqueness, which makes the play to be one of the most popular and praised works of the American literature. If Oresteia enabled Aeschylus to get the first prize of the drama contest held in Athens in 458 A. D. , â€Å"Mourning Becomes Electra† contributed to the awarding of Eugene O’Neill with the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1936.

A Comparative Essay Of The Poems ‘Salome’ (C.A.Duffy) and ‘The Arrival Of The Bee Box’ (S.Plath) Essay

‘Salome’ by Carol Ann Duffy and ‘The Arrival Of The Bee Box’ by Sylvia Plath have many similarities and differences. ‘Salome’ is ostensibly a poem about an individual, most likely a woman, who wakes up and finds ‘a head on the pillow’ beside them. The poem continues to detail their immediate actions and finally reveals that this head is in fact ‘on a platter’. ‘The Arrival Of The Bee Box’ appears on the surface to describe the empowerment felt by an individual as they explore their control over a box of bees. An interesting similarity is both poets are female. C. A. Duffy was born in Glasgow in 1995 and is the eldest of five children. Plath was born in 1932 and was born in Boston. If you read the poems from a biographical perspective it is possible to identify certain factors which the poet has included due to their personal circumstances. Personally, I believe that both C. A. Duffy and S. Plath have points to make. For example, Duffy’s poem could be seen to have many links to the role of woman in society and the power they possess over their male counterparts. This mental attitude, which has filtered through into her poetry, could stem from the fact she is the first women and the first openly gay person to hold the position of Britain’s poet laureate. Similarly, ‘The Arrival Of The Bee Box’ contains subversive ideas of power and possibly connotations to women taking an untraditional role in society. In ‘Salome’ the pace, tone, rhythm and structure are all fractured. This is very effective as it reflects the psychological standing of the voice in the poem. The effect is created through the techniques of enjambment and rhetorical questions and these can be observed in the fifth line â€Å"what did it matter? â€Å". The line is isolated and this draws the reader’s attention to it. Alongside this the rhetorical question then compels the reader to think â€Å"what did it matter? †. This emphasises the point to the reader that it does matter and is very important in the given context of the poem. By contrast, ‘The Arrival Of The Bee Box’ is made from six uniform stanzas of five lines. There is little by way of caesura and it therefore differs greatly, in terms of structure at least, from ‘Salome’. Personally, I believe this is because the speaker is portrayed as being more collected and comfortable with the received power, relative to the voice in ‘Salome’. The second line is an excellent example; â€Å"Square as a chair and almost too heavy to lift. † The rhyme of ‘square’ and ‘chair’ gives a positive sound and in turn this can be seen to signify control and enjoyment of power. The above evidence suggests that C. A. Duffy and S. Plath both have different ideas on which way structurally is best to communicate their ideas. However, I believe the free structure of ‘Salome’ adds more than the rigid structure of ‘The Arrival of The Bee Box’ as it generates an extra dimension in which readers can have more freedom to interpret the desired meaning of the poem themselves. Integral to both poems is the theme of power and the relation it has with the owner, especially women. The similarity and hegemony is this attack on the stereotypical views that if allowed to stand could drive woman to the periphery of society. In ‘Salome’ the voice is somewhat of a ‘player’ and it is this scopophilic attitude which generates Duffy’s point. In a modern society it is often seen as ‘cool’ or ‘macho’ for a male to sleep with many women. By contrast, if females replicate these actions then they stand a high chance of being bombarded with derogatory terms. It would appear that S. Plath would chose to focus more on the interest of power. She refers to different times in history (Greek, Slave Trade, Roman). This sets quite a theatrical atmosphere because referring to these superpowers through the ages helps the reader to appreciate the importance of power in our society both in the past, present and future. It highlights the fact that in Duffy’s opinion (and I agree) that it is embedded in humans to seek out power and control others. Overall, both poets have similar themes in their poems but chose to express them in different ways. A similarity between both poems is that they make allusions to either religious names or different parts of the Bible. C. A. Duffy in ‘Salome’ chooses to use iconic Christian names such as John and Peter. Whereas S. Plath uses the concept of a heaven; â€Å"There is the laburnum, its blond colonnades, And the petticoats of the cherry. † The description of this utopian setting could be linked to the feelings felt by the voice in ‘Salome’ when she/it says ‘I saw my eyes glitter†¦and ain’t life a bitch’. The voice sounds as though it is satisfied, justice has been done and it has reached a metaphorical destination. This destination, in my opinion, is that the voice feels like they have somehow reached equality by committing this grotesque act. A large influence in terms of language in both poems is the personal pronoun ‘I’. This similarity is most likely due to the recurring them of power in each poem. The narrators are trying to express that they are the ones in charge. The language in both poems is very simplistic but the words can be used in quite complex ways. Both poets have chosen not to overcomplicate their language and I think they have made their poems very accessible to all people. Colours are used in both poems for different effects. In ‘Salome’ the ‘red sheets’ could signify the anger felt by the voice for the injustices that have driven them to undertake the atrocity. In ‘The Arrival Of The Bee Box’ ‘the petticoats of the cherry’ and the ‘blond colonnades’ are used as the colours of the heaven. The use of colours is different in each poem but both work well. In conclusion, I feel that Carol Ann Duffy and Sylvia Plath are both very successful in presenting their ideas in the two poems. The poems are left open to interpretation and depending on the type of reading you undertake (colonial, biographical, etc) they can mean different things to different people. However, I personally feel that ‘Salome’ is more interesting and mesmerising to the reader. This is most likely due to the fact I found ‘The Arrival Of The Bee Box’ too abstract for me and I found it difficult to grasp. I think the poems have opened my eyes not only to the inequalities felt by certain groups of society but also to the disparities across the globe in general.

why would labour regard ...... essays

why would labour regard ...... essays Why would labour regard globalisation as a threat? Globalisation is the term that refers to the acceleration and intensification of mechanisms, processes and activities that are allegedly promoting global interdependence and perhaps, ultimately, global political and economic integration. At its core it is a revolutionary concept, involving the destruction of social, political, economic, and cultural life. Yet it would be a mistake to view Globalisation detestably as these views are only opinions! On the other hand Globalisation has had made positive changes to the international scene. It has given the world a single growing single consciousness. Communication has become instantaneous and travel takes no less than a day to the other side of the world. International travel has increased by more than 3 million from the 1980s as some sources quote! Technology has improved vastly over the last decade as communication gives access to new information, new ideas, and foreign markets. The world is becoming to cooperate more when faced with a single enemy such as terrorism, global warming, and drug trade. Globalisation also erodes cultural differences and tensions. To some extent sovereignty has been minimized, as borders no longer exists. Now domestic policy is influenced only by global market fluctuations. It is insufficient, to criticize globalization as an undesirable process, which it clearly is. Globalization leaves broken people, families, communities and societies in its wake. Its critics face two quandaries regarding what, if anything, can counter those impacts. The first is to propose a more desirable process. The second is to suggest ways of mitigating undesirable consequences, if no more desirable alternative exists. In terms of the ongoing reality, it will be almost impossible for political action to affect it very much. (Jobes, 2003) Finally, critics detect a major change in the international division of labor....

the sexual response cycle Essay examples

the sexual response cycle Essay examples the sexual response cycle Essay examples The Sexual Response Cycle After reviewing the sexual response cycle in Psychology and the Challenges of Life I learned that the sexual response cycle is what the body naturally goes through during sexual intercourse. I also learned that there are four phases to the sexual response cycle. These four phases are the excitement phase, the plateau phase, the orgasmic phase, and the resolution phase. Men and women, since we have different sexual organs, have different reactions to each phase. We also have some reactions that are the same, that will be explained later. The excitement phase is the first of the four phases, and it is where all the foreplay happens. Kissing and fondling your partner gets them aroused and â€Å"excited† for the sex that follows. The commonalities for both men and women in the excitement phase are swelling of the genital tissues caused by the blood vessels swelling near the genital areas. Heart rate, muscle tension and blood pressure increases, and the n ipples may become hard and erect. Men’s reactions to the excitement phase are the blood vessels in the penis swell enlarging the penis and results in an erection. The testes elevate and the skin on the scrotum tenses up and thickens. The testes also swell to nearly twice there normal size during the sexual response cycle. Women’s reactions to the excitement phase are swelling of the vaginal tissue, clitoris, and the area surrounding the opening of the vagina, including the vaginal lips. Vaginal lubrication or secretions will appear. The inner two-thirds of the vagina expand and the vaginal walls thicken and turn a deeper color. The plateau phase is the second phase of the sexual response cycle, and is where the couple becomes comfortable with the sexual interaction, both for their own pleasure as well as pleasuring each other. The commonalities of both men and women in the plateau phase are swelling increases due to more blood in the genital area, and heart rate, musc le tension, and blood pressure continue to increase. Men’s reaction to the plateau phase are the tip of the penis turns a deep reddish-purple, the testes become completely elevated, and droplets of semen may be releases from the opening at the end of the penis just before ejaculation. Women’s reactions to the plateau phase are the inner two-thirds of the vagina fully expand, the outer third of the vagina thickens, the clitoris retracts behind its hood, and the uterus elevates and increases in size. The orgasmic phase is the third phase of the sexual response cycle, and the name mostly gives this away. This is the phase where men and women actually have orgasms. I think that this is most people’s favorite phase of the sexual response cycle. During the orgasmic phase both men and women release sexual tension and produce intense feelings of pleasure, muscle spasms occur throughout the body, and heart rate and breathing rate reach a peak. Men’s reactions to t he orgasmic phase are sensations of oncoming ejaculation lasting two to three seconds preceding the ejaculatory reflex, and orgasmic contractions propel semen through the penis and out of the body, often times into the vagina of the female partner. A woman’s reaction to the orgasmic phase is the muscles surrounding the vagina have contractions. The resolution phase is fourth phase of the sexual response cycle, and is more or less a resting break. For both men and women, if neither partner engages in anymore sexual stimulation muscle tension relaxes and blood vessel swelling decreases and the body will slowly return to the pre-aroused state. For men they have a refractory period in which they become physiologically incapable of achieving another orgasm or ejaculation for a period of time. For adolescent men this period of time can be a few minutes, but for men fifty years old and older this period of time may last hours or even an entire day, it all depends on the man himself . Unlike men, women do not have this

U.S. Employment Regulations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 18

U.S. Employment Regulations - Essay Example This paper illustrates that the Wage and Hour Division (WHD) implements the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). The Act provides policies for minimum wages, overtime pay, recordkeeping, and child labor. It gives exemptions for minimum wage and overtime pay. The Act obliges employers of covered employees to pay them a minimum wage of not less than $7.25 per hour. Youth employees, who are below 20 years of age, may receive a minimum wage of not lower than $4.25 an hour, during the first 90 successive calendar days of employment. Employers are not allowed to terminate existing employees to hire youth or people whom they can pay the youth minimum wage. Furthermore, employers can adopt a piece-rate basis in paying employees, as long as the latter get at least the required minimum hourly wage rate and overtime for hours worked that are more than 40 hours in a workweek. In addition, the Act allows the employment of particular individuals at wage rates below the statutory minimum wage, as long as they get certificates from the Department of Labor. They are the following: â€Å"Student learners; full‑time students in service establishments, agriculture, or higher education; and individuals whose productive capacities for the work to be performed are impaired by physical or mental disabilities†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . The Act does not provide limitations for hours or days per week of work, as long as the employee is not less than sixteen years old. Nevertheless, the Act obliges employers to compensate covered employees for overtime pay, which is not less than one and one-half times their standard rate of pay, for all hours that exceed 40 in a workweek, unless employees are considered as exempted.  

Distributed databases Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Distributed databases - Research Paper Example Vertical partitioning involves creating of tables with fewer columns and utilizing additional tables to keep the outstanding columns. Normalization also comprises this partitioning of columns within tables, but vertical partitioning goes further than that and fragments columns even when normalized. Different physical storeroom might be applied to comprehend vertical fragmenting. Non relational databases initiated the idea of column based databases (Abuelyaman, 2008). The rationale for choosing this partitioning scheme is that it is cost efficient more than other schemes. In addition, it fits the required distributed databases required for this work. In order to surpass the limitations of accessible partitioning algorithm; a fresh algorithm known as VPartition, is recommended that enhances the performance of the current algorithm. The algorithm comprises an enhanced vertical partitioning system where cost is computed in terms of time utilizing greedy technique (Poniatowski & Safari Te ch Books Online, 2003). This leads to improved data consignment as compared to earlier approach. The characteristics of VPartition that comprises a series such as [I, T, TI, w, p, r, D, C comm., C route, N] where Recommended timing system to manage sale, purchase and management of data is a time warp. Time Warp system is a novel method for database concurrency management, varying from other kinds of systems in at least five respects (Jeffesron & Sowizral, 1999). First, it obeys an object-oriented strategy to database concept in which there are no prescribed distinctions between transaction u objects, system objects and Udata~ objects. Second, it uses neither abortion-and-retry nor locking to resolve right of entry conflicts. In its place, it employs a more influential synchronization instrument: broad rollback. The third unique feature is that it is free of starvation and deadlock. Another distinction is that it is