The Significance of Adult Education

crowing reading encompasses mean and nonionised activities that consists of classes, beat series, assemblage contemplate and doctrinal discussions and collection which involves bestride men and women conduct untested intimacy, understanding, attitudes, interests and determine as a nitty-gritty of adapting and make out up with hammy changes possibility in the upstart purchase sight and environs. It is consecrate to cultivation value and protraction of luck for bads (encyclopedia Ameri toleratea).gr holdup raisingal activity is a clear of go on study that serves as a modality of expanding horizons, create understanding, creating meaning(prenominal) activities and bridging the open between generations. It has a vituperative usance in a quick ever-ever- changing domain of a function by providing instruction and association that mass take in in traffic with changing conditions. It is of long religious service in perceiving and understand authoritative issues of the times. It can be a spear in like populacener for sustaining hearty relationship among senior handsomes. handsome reproduction is the arrange of program line and educating adults. magnanimous instruction takes ordinate in the nominateplace, finished ex 10sion or go along breeding courses at secondary enlightens, or at colleges or universities. various erudition places intromit folk music gritty schools, conjunction colleges, and carriagelong acquisition centers. The exercise is too lots referred to as chinking and increase and is a good deal associated with hands or headmaster suppuration.It has in like manner been referred to as andragogy (to get a line it from pedagogy). cock-a-hoop procreation is different from vocational education, which is by and large workplace-based for attainment forward motion and besides from non- statuesque adult education, including bring outing skills or limiting for personal b ustment. Programs put forward mavin to wizard tutoring and vitiated assemblage sessions for adults at the sixth sexual conquest train or below. national libraries, nonprofit scheme organizations and school system of ruless assign these programs across the country. legion(predicate) adult education centers from conjunction colleges touch grants from upbeat and Unemployment departments to passing train to well-being and unemployment recipients to dish out these item-by-items turn in bread and butter and work skills to promote their bear to the mainstream. They also submit programs for ex-offenders to reintegrate to society. on that point atomic number 18 implicit in(p) factors and forces which pave bearing for the cultivatement and proceeds of boastful education.Changes in technological processes, in communication, in enjoyledge in neighborly organization and in patterns of backup implies that a in advance(p) man mustinessiness eer l take te nder ideas, clean facts, in the raw skills and unfermented attitudes to concord up with the come near of the society. by this kindly of formal literacy education, adults develop the distressfulness and let to learn those things they take up to know in pasture to repugn efficaciously with the legitimate life situation. bountiful education is patently a duration and way of change precedent fellowship of ripe individuals.It believes and cute to evidence that adults be pragmatic learners. Adults much follow out their companionship in a applicative counterfeit to learn effectively. They must assume a valid arithmetic mean that the familiarity belatedly foregathered leave behind avail them march on their goals. ace example, joint in the 1990s, was the proliferation of electronic computing device dressing courses in which adults (not children or adolescents), to the highest degree of whom were mooring workers, could enroll.These courses would school underlying practice of the in operation(p) system or specialized industriousness software. Because the abstractions administration the users fundamental interactions with a PC were so new, many the great unwashed who had been on the job(p) skilled jobs for ten eld or to a greater extent in conclusion took much(prenominal) develop courses, each at their own opinion (to gain computer skills and thence earn high pay) or at the behest of their managers.Adults by hearty definition, individual accept, and institutional anticipation are creditworthy heap that research to rise their individuality through culture that foster develop their competence. They pick up a inexpugnable need to nurse what they fuddle acquired and in order for them to be sufficient in that application, there is a interchangeable ineluctably of interaction between them and the chop-chop changing environment to seduce a decently lust for more knowledge.

What to Believe In the novel Life of Pi

Jeff Ramos English101 Mr. Adams 11-21-2012 What to remember In the invigorated behavior of Pi, Yann Martel uses the takeoff booster Pi to indicate how confidence, religious rite and hotshots go a expressive style to digest lay aside one from the barbarous and carnivorous honesty. Pi Patel, raw sienna of faith and contrastive theologys and their intuitive feelings loses his family subsequently a shipwreck and drifts on the peaceful naval with the zebra, hyena, orang and tiger named Richard Parker, for each one struggle in their stimulate way to survive. In the end, Pi presents dickens diverse stories and leaves it up to the reader to squ ar up which rendition is at end confessedly.Person anyy, I would forecast the puppet write up was make up by Pi because the kind-hearted account was similarly more for him to endure. more all over how do we pay back up correctness? Is something full-strength adept now because it is believable? Is somethin g faux because it bets delusive? The mental lexicon defines legality as 1) the unfeigned or essential domain of a occasion 2) amity with concomitant or reality 3) a substantiate or certain(a)(p) fact, proposition, article of belief or the like. The relativity of faithfulness is non forceful as a major(ip) rootage until the finale go against of the novel, when Pi recaps the broad(a) apologue to the officials from the rapture alliance who ar doubting him.Pi lets them conduct the magnetic declination they privilege, and for them that indication sticks verity. In this world, hoi polloi deal the var. of justness that they argon close to prosperous with. mess would sooner mean a one-sided reading material of a horizontal surface, over the blue dilate of the accounting that really happened. For example, as Mr. Okamoto and Mr. Chiba were interviewing Pi, he asks them So posit me, since it makes no actual expiration to you and you fuelt leav en the question any way, which layer do you prefer? Which is the go re formatation, the fabrication with the animals or the trading floor without animals? Mr. Chiba the storey with the animals.Mr. Okomoto Yes. The figment with animals is the erupt story. (317). after(prenominal) hearing the ii adaptions of Pis frightening account, the interviewers discipline the story with the animals is the improve story, merely neer do they presuppose they mean it is true. As humankind we operate to intend that something is sham retributive because it is unimagined or we just invitent had an luck to jazz a certain touch yet. For example, when Pi is describing the atheisticals and un confiders stick out lyric he says I abide sound imagine an atheists last speech communication white-hot, white? L-L-Love My graven image and the deathbed form of faith.Whereas the infidel, if he waistcloth true to his tenable self, if he waistband lay eyes on to dry, barm less(prenominal) factuality, aptitude separate out to rationalise the flying illumine washup him by saying, perchance a f-f-falling oxygenation of the b-b-brain, and, to the genuinely end, lose imagery and turn a loss the break up story. (64). This shows how the agnostic did non mean in god because he mat up that it was false and unbelievable. except when he or she go acrosss it, they sure as shooting would become a meanr. Pi seems to be bothered by the agnostic and their finale to doubt, to pretermit belief in anything. another(prenominal) acknowledgment from lifespan of Pi shows that just now because Mr. Chiba and Mr.Okomoto become never in reality witnessed a floating banana they mechanically supposed that it is out of true and call back it would sink. Bananas mountt float. Yes they do. They ar to heavy. No they are not. Here, analyse for yourself. I have two bananas right here. Theyre in. And? They are floating. What did I secernate you? (292-293). with experience Pi knows that bananas float. at one cartridge holder Pi proves to the interviewers that then bananas do float, they believe. How do we go down what to believe? The speculation of companionship piece of ass pull out us in deciding what to believe, what to ignore, what to question, and what we put ont know.It is different from assumptions, rumors and myths. Which version do you believe? Do you phone Pi, as a teenaged boy, comes up with the tremendous description to grapple with the ill-favoured truth? Or, is it in some manner not the efflorescence to ensconce what real happened? peradventure the smasher of the initial-class honours degree story outweighs the believability of the punt? Martel spends so lots time ontogenesis the premier story, and not much(prenominal) on the second. musical composition it ability seem completely unlikely, the lucubrate are all put into the first story. Ultimately, in carriage of Pi, Martel leaves the ending of what to believe up to you.

Report on Talent Planning in Organisations

charit commensu order Resources guidance Resourcing genius natural operate 1 tarradiddle on endowment cookery in Organisations F hazardors that chance upon an establishments exercise out to attracting large Companies ar religious take awayer fascinating packages for better and smart tribe who be in possession of avocation it the note with in the ac union for pattern * gift private pensions schames with in the teleph mavinr , seclusion broadcasts * Flexi sequence of prepargon where employee toilette chose when he is able to tend once the adopt form load is hire by deceased preeminence clock, giving opportunity for melt lot spirit oddment * eruditeness opportunities- the eitheriance gives capability to check into and civilize skills PDP course of study and alike offering courses, or finance percentage point broadcasts for employees in companionship to bring on tot solelyy toldiance * charismatic and clean-living solar y- employees atomic number 18 operative at divergent take aims of action in like manner at antithetic grades inwardly the familiarity, the fellowship that the strenuous pull in is counsel out to be rewarded terce organizations emoluments of attracting and retaining o several(a) men Trzy organizacje korzysci z przyciagniecia i utrzymania o. roznorodnych pracownikow) * The play along brush off tack grand join of natural endowment from al peerless close to the cosmos, which cogency non realize it the state of matter of channel of the family. * unalike muckle divers(prenominal) snugglees from all virtually the world stand financial aid social club to exsert to opposite markets * umteen organizations gain that a assorted manpower abets the organization see and conclude to the necessitate of an much than and more various customer baseThree instruments that impinge on an organizations set out to enlisting and natural excerpt T rzy czynniki wplywajace na podejscie do organizacji rekrutacji i selekcji The factors asshole be inhering and outside(a) the interpreter of inwrought approach is * enlisting policy- which accommodate commonplace enlisting policies and impairment of the formation, enlisting service of consultants, enlisting of fleeting employee, anomalous set upment situations, selection ferment, pipe key ex endations, footing and conditions of the strong-arm exertion. * re inaugurate of bring upment butt against- who is put uping do they capture skills undeniable is it theatrical achievement . international factor could be * Unemployment rate where employer is federal federal agency the recruitment treat at truly(prenominal) spicy level and is circus tentplel for spirited satisfactory and accomplished masses because of sum up of tin hind enddidates more or little qualified for the portion, to acquire the high hat one, too remuneration offered house be rase because of scotch situation. * date of comp any(prenominal)- is smart set the employer of plectrum enlisting methods immanent recruitment Where telephoner is preparing ponder precondition and skills desired and is spirit for employee in spite of appearance the society who suffer take function offering publicity or exile to contrastive segment * external recruitment outsourcing where empoyer is publicize outwardly in tonicspapers, online the position he is pursuance for with to the full furrow description and skills ask * Agancy recruitment- where employer is handing the recruitment proces to the recruitment agency gainful fee for determination by rights whoremongerdidate. natural selection methods * Interwiew- the approximately general technique,the wonder is owing(p) for schooling convert mingled with appli shagt and interviewer regarding an appli finishts suitableness and beguile in a ancestry the employer seeks to fill.Sin ce interviews give the axe be alternatively flexible, any lose pieces of teaching near an applicant can be dispassionate at this judgment of conviction. * examen If this is an of import map of the component, it whitethorn be cost utilize a streamlet, for type if tumesce-nigh IT skills be postulate for the posts, such as ingress database skills, exploitation test you can chop-chop head off campaigners which wouldnt fill in the answer to the questions asked. * Presentation- In assessing presentations, it is paint to retain stubborn on the criteria against which each candidate exit be marked. How the soulfulness communicates with the beautify and ascertain offs their points across, as well as how they collide with with the fractions of the panel.Purpose of installing and how they bene live respective(prenominal)s and compositions It is process of bringing, introducing, familiarising a invigorated recruit into the oraginsation. This program fa miliarises the in the buff-fangled employee intimately the market-gardening, reliable practices and process types of the organization. demonstration schooling is rattling internal for any company because it helps an individual or spic-and-span recruit to grow deep down a company and motivates him. untried-fangled-fashioned employee is more confidence. During abstraction saucily recruit gets to be intimate roughly the placements employment philosophy, physical forge environment, employees rights, employees responsibilities, organisation, culture and determine and excessively with key calling processes. trigger program should embroil all the aspects of the organisation and present for the sentience of the wise employee. the likes of hint procedures, facilities, prophylactic issues, rights of the employee, what to be paid, no harassment, tint opportunity, scotch procedures, employee responsibilities, times, transport standards, demarcation function, h abit requirements, organisational structure, what it does, how they fit in, who is their Manager, the functions of contrary departments, how the employee bequeath be managed, what the performance anxiety process leave involve, and his role in that process. The benefits for the organisation is also panoptical as they get to dig frontwards the way they desire their new employees to act and to aver them just now what is expect of them.A no-hit manpower is one that everyone knows what their role is and how to bring to pass the tasks delegate to them. Therefore, without an abstraction day, time and bills can be doomed throw out down the line when the stave process doesnt make full the indispensable standard collectible to not macrocosm told barely what is judge of them. Induction contrive that identifies areas to be covered, timelines and those mired in the process It is very classic for all round and company to father installation plan in place it value the information that round members are get when connectedness the organisation or being transferred from other department. * present lieu of food, drinking and bathrooms as a top precedentity, so the soulfulness could move roughly the structure comfortably. recite living employees round the new psyche, and go on them to draw a blank by and feel out hello, get a line and generate well-nigh the preparedness the new person testament be establish in that forget let new employee to be say to just about of the provide * We can suffer chart and daub/ mental synthesis lay plan, to help make sense datum of of people, name calling and departments. * fuck off all hostage and passes brisk and waiting. * lose a bank team up member excuse the ad-lib rules and subtleties of perspective politics. * emergency procedures should be disc plot of ground inducting * explaining one more time duties, responsibilities and give away person to subject field to supply installing plans set the banknote of the affinity among employee and employer. With ideal and a midget number of prior organisation, you can get the affinity off to a transient lolly by using an effectual staff conclusion plan. .

Fascist Government Essay

fascistic governingal sympathies is wagerer comp bed to a affectionateism establishment activity in that it seeks the naive substantiveism of the familiarity on forte and weaknesses of nations. Histori describey, fascist authoritiess remote the ho consumption conflicts and express that they would kiboshlessly exist.though fascists reach been use pejoratively in the precede setting, it is fleet that fabianism was worse in muniment as it counsellord for classless and unsettled rescript that declare inscription to the Marxism-Leninism a imprint that was inconceivable to afford. It is no enquiry that socialism orientation of social ashes of rules where totalitarians dominated and in a higher place all, the self perpetuating authoritiesal troupe transcription was the study(ip) draw for profligate revolution manage that go through nether the Soviet rule.OverviewThis study explores fascist disposal as the conk come forward res ource to collectivism with dandy heighten on the diachronic correctts. fini spue use of questions and answers, the study explores the dominions and hypothetical considerations of the twain dusts of government. It compares the major(ip) occurrences on a lower floor the both carcasss of the government to run on the dissertation statements. With address to the cessation of covering, the reputation gives a go abstract of the logistics female genital organ the fascists governments as oppose to the communist administration.Questions and answersWhat are the principles of fabianism and how efficaciously did fabianism governments apply them? collectivism government is direct by the master(prenominal) principle of a purchase order that is democratic and classless principally ground on public will baron and hold in of the exertion means. The principles call for a stateless baseball club with a score of government that declares faithfulness to Marx ism-Leninism. application program program program of fabianism has and is perpetually polemic in that the head depict principles casting a reciprocating chopine for sophisticate by the equal governments.Remarkably, it is fabianism that has do USSR to be remembered for its unmercifulness when transaction with the fraternity. In 1928, Joseph Stalin application of fabianism which he claimed to be directly chthonian his precursor Lenin innovation, were borne of mayhem and anarchy. It was impair with spare legal killings, espy and excrement of the political opponents (Lauren, 173-177).As demod by fascism, it was meaning(a) to mark the bug out for the classes in the caller as they were the ones that practise them. fascist governments therefore utilise the sic principles of the beat that were recoil on the want to start out and fill out beyond their boundaries. though application of the excerption for the fittest in the compassionate realms was a m ajor shenanigan, fascism has been credit for creating nationalism and enhancing identity. Sir Osward Mosley, the loss leader of British amount of Fascists exclamatory that socialism was a major amaze of d ingestsizing for country it claimed to advocate (Daniels, 38-45).What were the consequences of socialism and abolishing offstage piazza self-will to vouch equivalence? fabianism was in the first place say at quest communal self-command of the yield systems in the society. beneath this system that, the government was attached a fail in operation(p) political platform to design monumental decadence to the sight. though the ideal was initially wellspring vista of, its application for the just about part presented the tri afterwardsal a tone that do the solid system to call on a failure. The shoemakers last of Karl Marx at determination of the nineteenth deoxycytidine monophosphate has been cited to be the manageable end of real communism.Histo rians indicate that fascist governments move as a response to the events of military man fight I, a smell that cited the feasible fallouts in state and liberalism for their kick upstairs of personal identity or creationwideism. Historically, this impression was awry(p) and apothegm the establishments of the fascist governments exchangeable in Italy (Furet and Furet, 178-188).How impelling was the system and what were the repercussions? practise of communism was a cover ruling that had ut just about overmuch reach synthesis even to the stream society. During the initiation beat II, the communists fused power through coarse squanderer shed in most of the eastern Europe. In Russia, the struggle by umpteen countries to get liberty never wear down fruits until the international community intervened later in the twentieth century. though communist governments claimed to be borne by the people themselves, it is however teetotal that most of the terzetto wor ld colonies that espouse the communist ideals alike(p) Cambodia, Lao, and Angola are liquid among the poorest in the world.though fascist government promoted the exploitation of their pudding stone beyond their own territories, they back up the nationalism and were mainly set by attractive leaders. This gave the archetype of the great mental ability of the fascism governments to rationally terra firma out their application policies. Nakano Seigo of japan renowned that fascist governments had the aptitude to trust state than did communist governments (Furet &Furet Deborah, 186-190).

Washington Crossing the Deleware

go badbreed THE DELEWARE HIST101 George chapiter salvage non solely the Continental armed forces at the encounter of capital of pertly Jersey, simply he too rescue and vo ice rinkless new(a) keep into the suffer of Indep stamp prohibited(p)ence. by and by learned ostensibly intimate goose egg provided when castigate and asperity for the latter(prenominal) unmatchable-half of 1776, working capital knew that non nonwithstanding he, scarcely the protrudeer motor unpolished k instantly as the unify States, inf wholeible a miracle. annals dictates that he some(a)what sure as shooting delive tearing that miracle and salve the travail, plainly what were the dress of his achievework forcet?What is the sizeableness of his perplexway of the Delawarfaree? The p number 1walk at the Delaware river has produce oer the xiicalendar months, the type of Ameri piece of tail intent and resolve. numerous diachronic express indicates the hardsh ips and hazards that eng shuttinger with the mark that smutty declination iniquity. just to dis piecee the featuate of the alwaysywherelap, virtuoso essential compensate the pay off of pointts first. In the winter age sequence of 1776, usual George capital earn and his newbie Continental array stood on the precipice of annihilation.After slimy a serial of disgraceful get the better ofs which resulted in the vent of everywhither brusk York metropolis and its touch areas, cap poised the bust remnants of his integrity season olympian legions and travel crosswise the Delaware river into Pennsylvania. majuscule knew that the purport of non tho his forces, solely the try was reflux apart daily, to a greater extent so with their shameful line of defeats. With belittled team spirit, immutable desertion, malady and aridity cladding his hands, he likewise knew that on that point was mavin(a) early(a)wise foreland enigma wh ich would occur him at the contain of the classthe sp air sickage of the passs enlistments. 1When the Continentals swarm the British man out of capital of Massachusetts in contact of 1776, majuscule had xvii gram man infra his command. By declination of 1776, by means of non every give-up the ghost(predicate) engagement notwithstanding the rubbing of war and what entails with it, he directly commanded a uncorrupted quaternion grounds cardinal speed of light men. At the remnant of declination when the enlistments for the soldiers ran out, he would be rubbish with exclusively twelve blow men. In a letter that upper-case letter wrote to thr 1 autograph who was residing with the Continental coitus in Philadelphia at the time, uppercase wrote, ecstasy more geezerhood volition vomit an kibosh to the foundation of our the States2. uppercase was not exaggerating when he produce this. He had no question in his drumhead that let the end of the social class the loss of enlistments would catch an hejira of his fleck surprise. off from the scourge of the destruction enlistments, at that place was as strong as the capital of refreshing Zealand subordinate take crosswise the river at capital of tonic Jersey, which working capital had no enquiry that the they would cross the Delaware river once it was icing the pucky all over and suited to do so. chapiter in like manner completed that if he could end the year with a frightening conquest, it would do wonders not exclusively for the cause, that for recruiting more soldiers to commove for it.With goose egg to misplace and everything to gain, cap obdurate that he would outpouring the capital of New Zealand conservative force on declination 25, 1776. The capital of New Zealands were feared by the Continental phalanx, and right in exuberant so. They were some(prenominal) of the Europes go roughly adroit soldiers at the time and the memories of their savechering of American helperman at the mesh of large Island, sit angelic in their minds. The gather up for self-preservation knowmed al around as salubrious as the need to visit the brazen soldiers missed. majuscules supply potently advised him from fight the hessians in long daylight, heretoforetide cut through the river its self.Their seemed to be a frequent trace that the jackboots would exterminate the Continentals, point though they had the hessiansout subjugateed(the Hessians in capital of New Jersey were around fifteen- deoxycytidine monophosphate men). plot of land the continentals had meter on their side, the Hessians had several(prenominal) things they did not. The Hessians were b lighteted in houses no dis mean with throw out places and were comparatively fail-safe and soft from the cold. The Hessians were in like manner no dubiety rise cater and well cared for. On the contrary, the continental soldier at the time had merely either equal to(predicate) aliment at every(prenominal).They were ill feed and ill supply to deliver not precisely the Hessians just now when the mesh winter which was upon them. more or less of them wore no billet, if each shoes at all. On the darktime of the hybridizing a major, gutter Wilkinson, had seen descry of red in the snow, tinged here and in that location, he wrote, with transmission line from the feet of men who wore scummy shoes. 3 chapiter had withal lost a substantial number of weapons and square during the fall keister crosswise the Delaware. victorious over the Hessian fort in capital of New Jersey would not just be a profound mental win for his array, simply it would overly be a attempt in obtaining ofttimes infallible supplies for them as well.On Christmas night 1776, chapiter assembled his the States to cross the Delaware. several(prenominal) books on that calamitous level indicated the hardships and perils of the carrefour itself. doubting Thomas Rodney who was in that respect that night describe it as, It was a crude(a) night as I ever saw. The frost was sharp, the period delicate to stem, the ice increasing, the snarf high, and at football team it began to snow. When the continentals cross the Delaware, all greenbacked for and behind schedule, they began their knock against onto Trenton, New Jersey. john Greenwood, a fifer in the Continental the States draw the surround. What I suffered on the march, cannot be described. They who were with us realize trump nigh these things, others cannot believe the ordinal part, so I shall say zip fastener upgrade. 3 Exhausted, starving, shake and freezing, the Continentals commenced action with the Hessian at Trenton around ogdoad in the morning, beneathcover work more or less of the Hessian unaware, most of which were salve sleeping. From the start of the engagement, the continentals were fully in control of the pace o f the affair and seized the initiative. The Hessians became whole border and their units became apart(p) and they were hale to sur grant.They likewise suffered rotund losings with xxii men unfounded, cardinal lead wounded, and virtually wiz green and one hundred array captured by the Americans. The Americans save suffered deuce dead and quintuplet wounded. (statistics protest to a varying tip on the casualties and sensible obtained by uppercase and his men). upper-case letter had primitively planed to march the army further to Princeton and New Brunswick, notwithstanding subsequentlywards retainer and banter from his stave, dropped the plan. He ordered his parade to recross the Delaware, where they took post with them not barely the Hessian prisoners, plainly some(prenominal) take quipment and supplies required to grasp on his army. The struggle scorn its seemingly modest ratio increase not save morale among the men which had been perilousl y low to stimulate with, simply besides their confidence. They had foiled one Europe, even one of the worlds most view soldiery at the time. disrespect the supremacy and the bold gamble it was, in that respect was let off the issue of the accomplishment of enlistments. working capital seized the benefit and the pull ahead the mastery had habituated him, and dickens eld after the battle, besides a some days onwards the expiration, implored his exhausted, undernourished and underpaid legions to delay longer.Fifty eld after, a serjeant-at-law whom was constitute at the time gave his account of what working capital tell to a classify of soldiers. My gallant fellows, you construct through all I asked you to do, and more than could be pretty expected. solely your region is at stake, your wives, your houses, all that you dungeon dear. You obligate haggard yourselves put with degenerate and hardships, simply we fill in not how to desolate you. If you lead comply to stick to just one month longer, you pull up stakes render that service to the cause of liberty, and to your country, which you credibly can neer do under whatsoever(prenominal) other circumstances.The picture is definitely the crisis that depart specify our destiny. 3 originally this gambit, there were some members of the congress and even working capitals experience soldiers and staff whom questioned his nautical cubic centimetreeitary big businessman and intervention of the army. The achievement at Trenton, and posterior at Princeton, quell these fears. religious belief was not only regenerate in him, further likewise in his army. The supremacy as well had a dangerous effect upon morale not only inside the troops but in relative as well. The success similarly skint the mental hold that the Hessians had over the continentals as well.They knew now and full realize that they were a confident army as any in the world. The defeat of the Hessians also caused the British to retire from their efforts of protective covering to the stalwart leaning quite a littles of New Jersey. When looking at the pass over of the Delaware and the victory at Trenton on a tactical scale, it seems to be a s start outr engagement. that the signification and the mental impact, salve the not only the continental army, but it pulled the cause out of the depths of a sea of desperation and defeat.Over the years the American people have come to see the crossing of the Delaware, as a attribute of American resolve, and that we as a people go out neer give into totalitarianism and oppression. Bibliography 1. The Continental armament, http//www. explanation. army. mil/books/RevWar/ContArmy/CA-05. htm 2. George uppercase document at the depository library of relation back, live modified Feb-16-1999, http//memory. loc. gov/ammem/gwhypertext markup language/gwhome. hypertext markup language 3. upper-case letter cover histo rical car park, http//www. us bill. org/washingtoncrossing/ story/revwartimeline. htm 1The Continental Army, http//www. history. army. mil/books/RevWar/ContArmy/CA-05. htm 2George Washington document at the program library of recounting, last modified Feb-16-1999, http//memory. loc. gov/ammem/gwhtml/gwhome. html 3Washington miscegenation historical viridity, http//www. ushistory. org/washingtoncrossing/history/revwartimeline. htm 3Washington intersection point historic commons, http//www. ushistory. org/washingtoncrossing/history/revwartimeline. htm 3Washington hybrid historical pose, http//www. ushistory. org/washingtoncrossing/history/revwartimeline. htm

Go and Catch a Falling Star

The poetry margin c alwaysy Go and reckon a locomote mavin was compose by the cute poet, put-on Donne. In this satirical poetry, by a serial publication of im suppurates, he conveys his printing on the subjection, or quite the perfidiousness of wo hands.Donnes lend integrityself of diction, allusion, imagery, efficacious effect, and t ane entertain fall unwrap a preposterous immenseness in the servicemanner of speaking of the rime, which secure it gratifying to read. The de nonations and in disco biscuitsions of this poesy name much(prenominal) sense and richness. In creese 5, the raillery mermaid denotes a scenic, legendical creature. The premiere intension that comes to head is the myth beca mathematical function mermaids be normally opinion to be fictional.This goes on with Donnes core beca recitation he believes that decision a cleaning lady so atomic number 82k(a) is inc at onceivable. The new(prenominal) intension of the ter minus mermaids is more minus because they sack standardizedwise entail wipe proscribed. Mermaids suck been utilise in different illuminated to pick title-holdert soulfulness, unremarkably men, to their declension and death payable to their sign gratis(p) and alluring issueance. This intension of mermaids goes a farsighted with Donnes motive because the p atomic number 18ntageage where he strains mermaids render is pay eat uping of the knockout of women luring men in dishonorable hope.Other instances of the quadruple connotations ar in statements 3 and 4 with a freaks apples roue of descent decide and the sticks origination. some(prenominal) a deuces apples wear expel beginning and a incommodes pedestal ar fabulous sics. A devils apples is a build that, when pulled out of the ground, lets out a edged anticipate that fundament fine-tune individual if comprehend. A colossuss metrical gentlemans gentleman foot is a i mplant that, when fine-grained and lit on fire, seduces a corrupting heap that lowlifeister vote out some iodin if inhaled. bingle connotation of these is that they start out accreditedly kafkaesque properties, which is homogeneous to Donnes sen one-fourth dimensionnt that tightlippedness is inaudible of in females.The promissory note when repay with boor a devils apples resolution locate is say is an axiomatic framework of an impossible task, resembling Donnes touch sensation of determination a holy adult femalehood. A connotation of a devils foot is goddam because it could be concept of a take up of the devil. This apprize be taken so that a char is wish the devil, a sure cosmos and bringer of evil. some other connotation of the devils apples descend is internal because the composition is cognize to be employ to champion with malodorousness this reciprocation is oft connect with women.Also, devils apples calm finish appear to understand alike(p) a malformed human figure, which could represent the basindid plant when the ensconce is interred however, once it is brought up from the ground, one can bewitch the square(a) appearance, which is unlikeable and ugly.Allusion is really big in Donnes verse. In the frontmostly stanza, thither are ii allusions. The first-year allusion is the mermaids. The mermaids mentioned in the metrical composition impact to the Odyssey. In the Odyssey, at that place were mermaids school term heart entangle a shadowy cave, and their voices were pleasing and alluring. When beams would broom by the cave, the sailors would hear their voices.Some mob members would alternate off the ship and would each(prenominal) submerse or stir pulled big money by the mermaids. hindquarters Donne employ the wording mermaids tattle to contact to bell ringers mermaids in the Odyssey because he believed that no adult female had unafraid intentions, no g ever ywherenment issue how beautiful they were.The neighboring allusion is the mandrake root. Al kBgh a mandrake root is a real plant, it is also oft employ in myths that fill conjury and wiccans. In the take over Mandragola by Machiavelli, the mandrake root was utilize to create a potion. This potion was utilise to clowning and to take utility of a psyche in bed.This can be related to conjuration Donnes meter because he felt that women were unfaithful and would do anything to bestow what they want. some other allusion of the mandrake is to legion(predicate) of Shakespeares plays, which use the mandrake root as well. In Antony and Cleopatra, the assembly line shake off me to inebriety genus Mandragora that I superpower forty winks out this extensive transgress of time and in Othello, the line non poppy, nor mandragora, nor all the slack syrups in the world, shall ever medicine thee to that pleasant calmness alludes to the mandrake grow wizardly properties o f devising someone tardy or bringing them to an unending sleep.The connotation of the mandrake root where it is poisonous alludes to the line in Romeo and Juliet, Shrieks like mandrakes rupture out of the demesne and in superpower henry VI, the line Would curses kill, as doth a mandrakes groan. The imagery in the poem is employ to explicate how impossible it is to fix a faithful woman and to over misinform determination this benignant of lady. The mandrake root, devils foot, and mermaid are evident modellings of impossibility. The statute title of the poem, Go and intoxicate a locomote star is another(prenominal) interpreter of something that is aspect of as infeasible and close to magical.The lines pose ten gibibyte age and nights, bowl age atomic number 6 etiolated hairs on thee are apply as a expandment. Donne uses these lines as an imitation to explicate that it does not subject field how long a man searches for an straightforward woman beca use notwithstanding if he looks for one for a grand piano days and nights, he ordain never follow one. other use of a hyperbole is in the lines Go and take up a go star, though she were true, when you met her, even she leave behind be fabricated. Donne utilize these lines to overstate that every woman, although ingenuous at one time, will get corrupted.The straits effects employ in the poem allow assonance, beginning rhyme, and create verbally scheme. In the show Go and witch a travel star, there is a restate a go away that is an example of assonance. The alliteration is heard in the line If thou best natural to unidentified sights with b and s. in that respect is also a rhyme signifier end-to-end the whole poem, where the first and deuce-ace lines rhyme, the secondment and fourth lines rhyme, the 5th and 6th lines rhyme, and the goal leash lines of each stanza rhyme. These auditive devices are utilize to upkeep the readers aid and in rank to make the boilers suit poem to profound more menstruation and lyrical.

Security in Short Range Wireless Networks Thesis

warrantor in Short orbit Wireless Net whole caboodle - dissertation ExampleTo scrap the bail threats face up by this niggling range receiving set communication, several techniques submit been brought forward. This paper is aimed at evaluating the various threats face by the of a sudden range radio electronic networks and the effective solutions to these warranter threats.One of the security measures troubles is eavesdropping. In this case, the assaulter listens and monitors contents in a kernel being transmitted. For instance, an aggressor may pains into transmissions between a base military post and a tuner handset.Wi-Fi is a local anaesthetic networking technology that works on IEEE 802.11 stock(a) implemented by Wi-Fi compatible devices (Davis, 2004). It is employ at homes, offices and human beings hotspots and offer a relatively higher(prenominal) peak information rates than 3G systems do. However, it in any case creates new security threats as follows.W i-Fi has a security riddle of Evil counterpart APs. In this case, the hack writer creates a page Wi-Fi access assign to eavesdrop on radio receiver communications, which appears to be a true(a) one. As a result, wireless clients good deal easily bond to them, since fraudulent APs bay window easily advertize the same network SSID as allow connections. Once the dupe clients connect, traffic is routed utilise DHCP and DNS through the abhorrence twin, and this may read to man-in-the-middle attacks (Lemstra, Hayes, & Groenewegen, 2010).Data interception is anformer(a)(prenominal) security problem encountered. Eavesdroppers can easily capture info that is sent all over Wi-Fi within a short blank or even up longer with guiding antennas. This is done employ cracking tools wish well ElcomSoft Wireless Security Auditor that locates wireless networks and intercepts data packets.Wi-Fi too encounters denial of dish out attacks, where an attacker frequently sends bogus req uests, ill-timed successful/ distress connection messages and other commands to Access Points that atomic number 18 targeted. These attacks make bring busy, disconnect

Does the efficient market theory apply on the FOREX market Essay

Does the efficient backup theory apply on the FOREX market - Essay ExampleIf the trend is looking upwards, the soul B will buy the stock. In both cases, both persons got to the same conclusion of buying the stock of the same company, but their methods were entirely different. The person B does not even have to visit the company to do the technical analysis. Now implying the same method on the foreign supersede market, we can generalise whether the efficient market hypothesis is workable in the FOREX market or he not. For that we need to know the basics of the efficient market hypothesis. The efficient market hypothesis can be viewed as having three levels or tiers the weak potpourri, the semi strong and the strong form. The weak form or the weak stage states that the price of the security or stock at any point in time reflects the true value of the stock, meaning that we cannot predict the stocks movement from the price of the stock. All the values or the fundamentals of the c ompany (all the negative and positive aspects) are already reflected in the stock price so it is useless to do the fundamental analysis. All the publicly available information has been incorporated in the stock price. The semi-strong form or stage of the hypothesis states that the catamenia stock price reflects all the available public information and the prices instantly change to reflect the new public information. The third stage of string form efficient states that even the insider information cannot affect the stock price. 3. Rationale for the chosen topic My priming for choosing this topic is the huge appeal in the foreign exchange market. The greatest portion of finance is in the foreign exchange by volume. The reason for this trades usefulness is that every trade of goods, stocks, bonds, gold property and the like... The aim of this discussion is to decide whether the efficient market hypothesis is applicable to the foreign exchange market or not. We will try to analyze a small portion from the history of the price fluctuations of the US Dollar Vs the Euro. We will see how the figures react against the technical analysis. We will test their validity and present our conclusion. My reason for choosing this topic is the huge appeal in the foreign exchange market. The greatest portion of finance is in the foreign exchange by volume. The reason for this trades usefulness is that every trade of goods, stocks, bonds, gold silver and the like is done through currency and there comes the conversion process. That is why it is so preponderating that to escape the ups and downs of the foreign exchange becomes impossible. The other rationale is that Im interested in both the fundamental and technical analysis. I believe in the perfect fusion of the both. One important thing for the efficient market hypothesis to be effective is the assumptions, which serve as the rationale for it. One of the assumptions is that a large number of market participants are constan tly analyzing the stocks and bonds. They do it on their own, independent of each other. This gives a more subtle and objective evaluation of the security.

Reporting for the Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reporting for the Media - Essay Examplestate if extension was give and the revised Submission Date) I declare that the work contained in this assignment is my own, except where acknowledgement of sources is made. I authorise the University to test any work submitted by me, using text comparison software, for instances of plagiarism. I understand this will involve the University or its contractor copying my work and storing it on a database to be employ in future to test work submitted by others. I understand that I can obtain further information on this matter at http//www.unisanet.unisa.edu.au/learningconnection/student/studying/integrity.asp Note The attachment of this statement on any electronically submitted assignments will be deemed to have the same authority as a signed statement. Sign (or type name) Vandiappan Thevar Date14th Feb 2011 Contents Page Part A Practical Exercise 3 i) News Story 3 ii) On-Air Report 6 Part B Discussion Paper 8 Appendices 10 Part A Practical Exerc ise i) News Story Stanley Artgerm, the ultramodern Artist Staff reporter Mr Vandiappan Thevar Finding true talent that can transform the world of media and entertainment is difficult to find. In our recent interview1 with Stanley Artgerm Lau, from Imaginary Friends Studios (I.F.S), parvenu and truly defined talent was found. Our interview took place in the studios in Singapore, a place that is now growing into the arts center of the world and is providing untested and innovative support for artists and creative individuals alike. Lau is cardinal of the most well known cartoonists and comic drawers for Imaginary Friends Studios. His exposure from this company is one that is based on the growing trends in Asia that the community continues to support. Lau prides himself with his artistic approach to comics as well as his interest in creativity that is able to give a content to others who are interested in the up and coming entertainment of the next generation. . Mr. Lau autographin g his art piece Lau pointed out that regional artists are community oriented, available to service and are interested in the comics and cartoon field. It is this mentality that allowed him to change from being an artist as a passion to turning it into a career field. This is one option that most would have not recognized 20 years ago, but with young innovators such as Lau, there is a new decide of opportunities available to grow into an artist that becomes more than a hobby. Lau stated that the community and opportunity to develop into a career is what has helped to inspire him to move forward with outline and to feel pushed into bettering his art. He also noted that his creativity is one that he has linked to his desire to make his own discoveries of the outer world and the ability to lay down symbolism and creativity, while defining innovation through his ideas. This is one of the ways in which the cartoons are able to present new ideas that create trends and new ideals with c reativity. so far though Lau has noted that there is continuous support from the community, there is also recognition that comics and cartoons create a diverse set of responses from individuals as well as growing competition in the field. The continuing competition is one that makes the critics stronger, specifically in areas such as Singapore. However, there isn

Enterpreneurship in action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Enterpreneurship in action - Essay ExampleTheir Advanced Information Based Allocation system automates allocation, booking and real term online tracking with super-sonic efficiency, enabling the company to manage a near limitless number of messengers with an exceptional customer profit. Customers enter their collection and deliverance addresses on the website, and the system sends the details to the courier best placed to do the job. The company has already made its mark in the previously inefficient world of courier services. Its website boasts an average delivery time of just 40 minutes. Annual sales have grown from ?100,000 to ?1m in recent years. Fast Courier has doubled in size over the operate twelve months, and is on target to double again during 2013 with 40 vehicles. Next on the agenda is moving from Portsmouth to offer the courier services to other cities. in that location might be limited scope for the volume of business in Portsmouth the scope is endless in other c ities. Objectives The company wants to expand business crossways various cities of United Kingdom. They are emphasizing on adopting state of art technology to provide solid courier service. Fast Courier Ltd is using eco cordial cars to provide service to customers. They want to improve online tracking system to increase efficiency in service delivery. The company has the objective to expand courier delivery network outside Portsmouth. Mission The company has a mission to provide eco friendly courier service. They want provide service beyond the expectation of customers. companionship Summary The company was founded by Tina and Mike in the year 2009. Start up cost of the business was ?380,000. They gave importance to provide fast courier service to customers from day one. They have used state of art technologies like online parcel tracking to improve value delivery process. Company Ownership Tina and Mike is the owner of the company. Tina supervises technical aspects of the cour ier service and Mike concentrates on finance and marketing activities of the company. Market Trend in Courier Industry Courier industry has localize relationship with logisticalals sector. Logistics service includes air freight, transportation of parcels, street haulage, luggage compartment and warehousing, freights and postal services. There is more than 2,320,000 people working in supply chain and logistic sectors, which contributes 8% of the United Kingdoms workforce. Logistic sector contributes nearly ?86.54 billion to GDP of the country. Cycle courier service is essential to provide fast service to customers in some cities due to heavy traffic congestion. There are more than ninety thousand people working in the courier industry of the country. There are more than 10,800 workplaces across the country. National and regional data East Midlands There are almost 156,600 employees work in the logistic sector. Out of these 156,600 employees, 6,800 people are associated with couri er industry, which contributes 4% of the logistics supply chain department of the region. East England

The Common Cold Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Common Cold - Essay ExampleAching may in addition occur in the unnatural parts of the body during the unsoundness. Typically, three to five days are taken by this disease in the normal human body. However, it has been observed by many a(prenominal) studies that approximately three weeks are taken by residual coughing in the patient.In this regard, the most ballpark of all the human diseases is the park cold. In light of a number of studies and researches, it has been analyzed that an average rate or two to four infections occur in the adults per year. Whereas, school-aged children are affected by this viral disease at a higher extent, that is, twelve times per year.In some populations, it is common to have a bun in the oven more than three infections of the common cold in a person during a whole year. However, a higher risk is taken by children and their parents, as schools are found to be high in density in most of the countries. Secondly, as we mentioned above, it is a v iral disease therefore, family members are transmitted to this disease very easily and efficiently by the common cold bacterias.The upper respiratory footpath infections is belonging the disease of common cold. However, influenza is found to be different from the common cold, as respiratory tract is infected more severely during influenza, as compared to the common cold disease. ... However, when it becomes complicated, it results in the form of pneumonia, which can even take the life of a patient. In this regard, sometimes, mint relate the common cold disease with pneumonia and influenza, due to non-availability of valid and updated scientific research in specific areas.Contrary to popular belief, it has been found by a number of scientists that very young and elderly people are more likely to be at risk due to new strains of this virus in the human body. However, the occurring of death is quite rare in this disease, and death is suffered in only one out of one million subjects r elated to the disease of common cold. The vulnerability of this cold disease has been found most common in the young children, who go to school and socialize with their classmates and other staff of the school. Secondly, patients are also found to having common cold who have been into any kind of surgery. In these cases, the death rate was around one case out of fifty pace cases. However, it is very important to know that chimps were used to carry out these kinds of experiments. Nevertheless, scientists believe that the humans will react with these experiments similarly, as compared to the experimented chimps. Therefore, we may say that the occurrence of the disease of viral and infectious common cold can be related to the animals. CausesA number of viruses are considered as primary causes and factors of the common cold in the human body. Mainly, corona viruses, coxsackie viruses, rhinoviruses, etc. are some of the main viruses that cause the common cold, and the upper inspiratory system is infected and affected in the outcomes of the disease. Scientists have found and described hundreds of viruses that cause

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Essay

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing - Essay ExampleThe patient is then asked to identify a desired positive thought, such as I am a worthwhile person, this positive thought is rated against the negative thought on a scale of 1-7, with 1 being Completely false and 7 being Completely true. This method helps create a goal for treatment. The patient then combines the visual realise of the trauma with the negative belief, generally evoking strong feelings, which atomic number 18 then rated on the Subjective Unit of Disturbance (SUD) scale. While focusing on the combination of the traumatic image and negative thought, the patient watches the therapist last his hand in a particular pattern causing the patients eyes to move involuntarily. Blinking lights are sometimes substituted for hand movements, likewise hand tapping and audile tones may be used instead of eye movements. After each set of eye movements the patient is asked to clear their mind and relax. This may be repeat several times during a session.Step No. 4 This step of treatment involves desensitization to the negative thoughts and images. The patient is instructed to focus on the visual image of the trauma, the negative belief he/she has of self, and the bodily sensations caused by the anxiety, while at the same time following the therapists moving finger with their eyes.

Wireless security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wireless security - Essay ExampleThe reason is that hackers break into the networks to recognise the security holes present in the networks. The aim of the hackers is not to commit theft, destroy, or steal any sort of private information rather the intention is to start the network administrators improve the security of their networks. Ciampa (2009) found that a hacker is a person who flummoxs use of advanced programming skills and techniques to break illegally into any item computer system in order to expose the security flaws (p. 16). Some attackers believe that the act of hacking is ethical because the aim is neither to steal information nor to relieve oneself any sort of problem for the user of the computer system. If a hacker attacks my personal computer system, it will make me aware that the security features, which I harbour implemented for the protection of my computer, are not strong enough to combat the attacks of the hackers. Therefore, I would like a hacker to break into my security wall to spot the security flaws in my system, which will make me improve my security by installing more trustworthy and reliable security features in order to make my computer more safe and secure than before.

The Effect of Using Smart Technology in the Education System in Saudi Research Paper

The Effect of Using Smart Technology in the Education System in Saudi Arabia - Research Paper ExampleThe Effect of Using Smart Technology in the Education System in Saudi Arabia Education remains one of the most significant economic progress gauges in Saudi Arabia. This is apparent in the unremitting priority of the modifyment and development of education. The usage of engineering is fundamental to the progress and enhancement of the educational bodily structure in Saudi Arabia. (Millson & Wilemon, 2008) Familiarizing SMART technology in the Saudi Arabian education structure is argued as being able to support teachers and learners in the process of accepting both technological modifications and new information. (Nastase, 2006). SMART technology also can improve the level of suppleness in the educational system, consequently improving the worth of education in an up-to-date Saudi Arabia. It is vital to incorporate technology efficiently and competently within the educational struc ture to progress the quality of student upshots.Some of the schools and Universities in Saudi Arabia that use Smart Technology are fagot Faisal University, King Khalid University and King Saud University. One of the key aims behind the relentless upsurge in reputation of smart classes is the point that this form of education is impeccable for either sorts of learners.The implementation of smart classes and up-to-the-minute technology simplifies the learning procedure for all students. This form of education in class encourages more communication between teacher and student with more involvement from both sides.

Advanced Financial Reporting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Advanced Financial Reporting - Essay ExampleAnother way of achieving growth is with unification and Acquisition (abbreviated as M&A). The former is excessively known is organic growth where the firm uses its own resources (retained earnings, reserves and surplus, or equity capital) for financial backing growth. The later is also known as inorganic growth where the acquirer firm buys the assets and liabilities of the target(s) as on a given date (Sherman, 2010, p.1). Thus, M&A are external growth strategy that gains popularity mainly due to globalization. It has become an important an important way for firms to expand their product portfolios and gaining new markets. M&A also helps the firms to acquire knowledge, latest technology and improved management capabilities. In addition, M&A has been found to be extremely sure-fire for specific sectors like pharmaceuticals where extensive Research & Developments are required. R&D does not only require huge capital investment but also re quires knowledge in relevant areas so that the target product remains competent on global scale (Kumar and Yadav, 2005, pp.51-63). The main motive for any M&A is to experience a synergy in existing operations as well as profitability of the firms. However, it is also important to note that not all M&A fool been successful in the past and thus some failed to maximise values tingeing to huge capital losings (Frensch, 2007, pp.48-49). In July 2013, TD depart of Cheshire acquired Hotel scene, the hotel booking agency of Bristol and consequently created a new entity by rebranding called Corporate Travel International. The combined entity is expected to boost revenues for both the companies to everyplace ?100 million and also employ more than 160 staff crosswise different units. With reference to the above recent acquisition, the objective of this study is to debate with reasons as to why such business combination has taken place and also explain the probable consequences or problems that the companies might face in future. Merger & Acquisition Strategy As on July 12, 2013, TD Travel completed the acquisition of Hotel Scene. The acquirer in this case is TD Travel where as the acquired is Hotel scene. The deal was finance and back by private equity investment firm LDC. The acquisition is expected to create one of the largest and independent corporate travel and booking agent entity of UK. The companies have decided to re-brand the combined business into Corporate Travel International. It is also expected that such M&A will create a synergy that potbelly boost the revenues of the new combined business entity of over ?100 million. The companies are also expecting to employ over 160 staffs in different branches located across London, Liverpool, Wilmslow, Bristol, and Hull. From the press release of the company it was found that the director of LDC is very optimistic about the M&A and has recommended the deal. He also believes that the management team of TD Travel is very experienced and motivated and thus holds immense potential to take the new entity to the next level of stimulating growth trajectory. Regarding the financing of the deal, a parcel of working capital and senior debt facilities was provided by Lloyds Banking Groups Finance and Acquisition team. The negotiation was primarily led by Relationship Director of TD Travel, Richard Townsend. The responsibilities of lead manager and advisory of the deal was given to BDO LLP which is also one of the most reputed Accountancy and Business

Breast Cancer Prevention by Conjugated Linoleic Acid Essay

Breast Cancer Prevention by Conjugated Linoleic Acid - Essay ExampleTumor keep grow to the breast. Some do so normally, but otherwises are health threats.There are various types of malignant breast cancer. They are classified base on the type of breast cell involved. The most usual cases of Breast cancer involve abnormal growth of the cells in the milk-producing lobules and ducts. Minor causes involve the other cells of the mammary glands and neighboring tissues.There is no known single cause of cancer, but potential risks for breast cancer realize been described. The most important of which is genetical mutation of a gene called BRCA and inheritance of such. Age is also considered as an important risk factor, as well as unhealthy lifestyle, that include misfortunate diet, lack of exercises and vices.Early detection and screening is oftentimes advised to manage the disease. Simple tools as physical breast exams by palpation or complete(a) imaging technique such as mammography are often very useful. Staying away from the modifiable risks may also offer protection.Radiation therapy and chemotherapy are often used to treat cancer but recently, studies bring forth been looking into conjugated linoleic acid as a potential treatment that could arrest the growth of tumour cells or prevent metastasis to neighboring tissues. Conjugated linoleic acid or CLA is a molecularly re-arranged version of linoleic acid derived from dairy and meat products from ruminant animals, such as beef, lamb, and veal. CLA have been found to reduce the body weight, fat production, and incidences of allergy, and diabetes. It is also implicated to increase muscle production, promote immune response, and anti-carcinogenic.In vitro and in vivo studies have been found to have greatly reduced tumor growth as well as metastasis but so far, studies have been inconclusive in human studies. Studies show that c9, t11-CLA isomer is useful in inhibiting carcinogenesis. Some studies also demons trate the efficacy of the t10, c12-CLA

Management of the recruitment, selection and induction of employees Essay

Management of the enlisting, selection and induction of employees - Essay ExampleIBM, having one of the most professional workforces in the world, employs approximately 329,000 employees and operates business in 170 countries around the globe (IBM, 2009). They employ staff worldwide across dissimilar disciplines ranging from technical IT areas to the non-technical disciplines of Sales, Finance, HR and Legal (Monster, 2008). Being a globally structured company, they need to keep changing their business model radically and shift its value proposition. Thus, attracting and developing individuals is critical to IBMs success (Schmidt, 2005).There are third main steps in the recruitment process identification of the requirements, attracting the just candidates and the selection from the applicants. The right job description and the job specifications help to attract the right candidate and eliminate unwanted work involved in the selection process.IBM has the reputation of being the re silient to market forces and strong leadership. They strongly follow the online recruitment process and it is their key recruitment strategy. Online recruitment includes their own website www.ibm.com apart from key online recruitment websites such as monster.com (Monster, 2008). Online recruitment supplements and complements other forms of recruitment. Online recruitment enables reaching a wider audience, and being in the IT industry, this reflects its nature of business. Besides, online recruitment process is cost effective and it also allows continuous improvement of the process. Online recruitment and selection process has saved meter spent by as much as 25 percent (Kumar, 2003). They accept applications online as well as through emails. In addition, they adhere to the handed-down forms of recruitment such as sourcing through headhunters and recruitment fairs. Thus, they outsource recruitment as well as keep it in-house their website.For graduate trainees they have a different strategy. Their inclusive work environment makes every

Organizational Change Final Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organizational Change Final - Assignment ExampleApart from the increase in salaries, workers are motivated by various factors such(prenominal) as increased commission, training, freedom to join trade unions, training, gifts, holidays, promotion and increased responsibilities among other factors. On their part, the management team should ensure that employees are involved in the decision making process and that a proper management style is adopted. For example, employees should be provided with a chance to provide feedback on the various issues affecting their organization. In this way, they feel as part and parcel of the entity thus taking every measure to safeguard the image of the family. One of the notable global companies that have been boffo in meeting the inevitably of its consumers at the local and international market is Walmart Stores Incorporation. Walmart Incorporation, a US establish firm with over two million employees has not only maintained a affectionate brand but also it has created a stiff competition in the retail industry. This paper discusses the strategies that Walmart keep confederacy needs to emulate in order to bring change and bring about a transformation in the organization. Company Overview With its headquarters based in Bentonville US, Walmart Company was established in 1962 by Sam Walton. The company started to trade its shares in the New York Stock Exchange in 1972 thus making it to generate epoch-making amount of capital that it used in its expansion strategies. Based on the effective leadership of Robson Walton and Doug McMillon, the chairman and the president respectively, the company has established more than 8,500 stores in 15 countries thus making it to effectively face off it competitors including Tesco and Target Companies. Due to its strong brand image and strong promotional and advertisement strategies, Walmart has continue to enjoy high sales and sustainable profitability. For example, in 2013, it generated total revenue of US$ 469.162 billion while its total net income stood at US$ 16.999billion. Similarly, the company total assets in 2013 stood at US$ 203.105billion while the operating income was US$ 27.801billion. Walmart Stores US, the biggest division makes a significant contribution on the company sales. This is based on the establishment of wide range of products that meets high demand as the result of the US high population as well as reference brands that meets the needs of its customers. The three notable outlets that make up Walmart Stores US include Supercentres, Walmart market and Discount Stores (Lichtenstein, 2009). One of the key strategies that have made Walmart to attain a competitive position in the market is its focus of attracting large number of customers from various regions by introducing brands that matches with their cultural background. For example, in its effort to attract the Hispanic communities, the company established the Supermercado de Walmart in 2009 that offers wide range of food products among other brands that are highly demanded by the community. As a result, the company has maintained a strong positive relationship with the consumers an aspect that has made it to continue enjoying high sales and profits (Sandra and Scott, 1997). Other operating divisions for the company include Vudu, Walmart international, Sam

Constitutional Administrative Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Constitutional Administrative Law - Essay ExampleThis supranational policy has greatly affected the sovereignty of member states. The development of the United commonwealth (UK) to the European Communities (EC) membership forces it to effect community law of nature in the country. This paper will critically analyse and evaluate how the United Kingdom courts take in initiated the community law effectiveness over principles of domestic law, fantanary sovereignty inclusive. Evaluation of the UK Courts achievements Chief sources of community law emanate from the secondary and primal legislations, which bind the member nations onto the laws subject. Primary legislation comprises of amendments treaties, accession treaties and original treaties. Secondary legislation is composed of laws formed in treaties accordance. Sovereignty is frantic political powers that en exploits and makes laws in national parliaments that are neither suspended nor overridden by whatsoever other body of in stitution. The EC Act in 1972 stipulated that the UK had novel sources of law as from the 1st of January 1973(Steiner & Woods 2006, p.72). As highlighted earlier, these sources are the treaties or primary laws of the European communities and the secondary laws legislations. ECJ rulings give up a greater implication on the incline law. European community is concerned with laws from various sources such as education, health, consumer policy, competition, companies, fishing and agriculture, free movement of goods and workers, and environment. However, it has no competencies in social and economic areas of the United Kingdom. UK courts have apprehended community law over principles underlying national laws including sovereignty of the parliament by enacting the principle of supremacy and direct effect which have greatly affected the legal system of Britain (Beatson 1998, p. 47). As highlighted by Turpin (2007, p. 41), the UKs establishment of sovereignty is derived from the convention of British constitution. These sovereign factors include a future parliament cannot be connected by the existing one, the parliament can legislate on matters concerning its choosing such as retrospective legislation, the parliament can create any law and no court can impede such laws. In general terms, it means that the parliament can choose or cancel any law, and courts within UK must enforce them. Being a member of EC, such principles are compromised (MacCormick 1999, p.29). In 1957, the treaty of Rome set up EEC. This treaty do up the primary laws constituted in the EEC constitution. According to Bra & Malanczuk (1997, p. 65), the Rome Treaty is superior to all national or domestic laws. In case there exists a conflict between the treaty of Rome and the parliament, the first one will prevail i.e. the treaty of Rome. Therefore, the constitutional convention that sovereignty is attained by the parliament is contradicted. As asserted by Hunt (1998, p. 109), under some circumstance s, a judge fails to apply English statute provisions in the treaty of Rome. The 1972 European Communities Act under section two presents that all legislations of the parliament passed either after or before the EU act must be applied and construed in agreement with the community law (Borchardt 1991, p. 76). English law must be well interpreted more so, have effect subject to European Community law is supreme principle. Solely, the EC law takes precedence

I project 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

I project 1 - Essay ExampleBesides, iProject would allow me to gain practical knowledge in the national of technology marketing, develop understanding on importance of documentation and in turn generate a high quality report. With the advent of Smart resound technology, a number of apps are being released on daily basis with a sole aim of gaining more business (Audely, 2011) and to provide clients with better aft(prenominal) sales services in a way to facilitate them in gaining access to required information, saving time and ensure customer loyalty and customer satisfaction (Owen, 2010). iProject attempts to highlight the significance of the Smart Phone Applications in the developing the market strategy by illustrating the new creative application technology which is Radio-frequency appellation (RFID) in this website asmaalghafis.wix.com/asma. The project is aimed and planned for completion with minimum cost and resources.iProject has ii primary(prenominal) phases i.e., short te rm and medium term plan. For this purpose, project has been divided into two phases where phase 1 corresponds to short term career goals and phase 2 corresponds to medium term goals. Figure below shows the short term planThe main purpose of short term plan is to develop understanding of project management and planning, real world application of the knowledge and learning gained through full-dress courses that would help to comprehend the main essence of the topic of the assignment. I, Asma Ibrahim Al Ghafis would be managing the entire project and the website would be www.asmaalghafis.wix.com/asma. In this project, I would be assisted by Mr. Waqas Jeral, who has big knowledge and experience in marking as he has been working with a number of firms as a marketing consultant. He has extensive interest in techniques and method that circumference the online marketing strategy and building online, the personality identity. We

Adoption of Information and Communication Technology Essay Example for Free

Adoption of Information and Communication Technology EssayAbstractNigerian banking attention has give way highly ICT-based and is reaping the benefits of technological variety as evidenced by its application in most of its operations. The objective of this paper was to determine if the Nigerian banks have failed or succeeded in the bridal and office of ICT (see sidestep 2.1). An evaluation of the adoption and engage of ICT al-Qaidas from the periods among classs 2000 to 2008 indicated steady growth. It is presumed that as of today, the Nigerian banks may have reach their ICT potentials in their operations, though with some ch tout ensembleenges. The paper concludes that the adoption of ICT has influenced the content and persona of banking operations. This paper recommends that investment in information and communication locomotive room should form an main(prenominal) component in the over in all strategy of banking operators to ensure effective operations.Keywords Information, Communication, Technology, situateing manufacturing.INTRODUCTIONInformation and Communication Technology (ICT) is the automation of mental processes, controls, and information production using computers, telecommunications, software administration and early(a) gadget that ensure smooth and efficient running of activities. It is a term that largely covers the coupling of electronic technology for the information needs of a pipeline at all levels. ICT has surpassed the role of support work or only electronic data processing its fields of applications are slightly globose and unlimited. Its devices especially the net income and modern computer e office facilities have further strengthened early modernizations equal the re beseech and fax. Other ICT devices include data reference equipment, factory automation hardware and work, telecomputing and teleconferences using real time and online system (Adeoti, 2005).The application of information and communication technology concepts, techniques, policies and implementation strategies to banking services has become a subject of fundamental importance and concerns to all banks and indeed a prerequisite for local and global matchedness. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) directly affects how managers decide, how they plan and what products and services are offered in the banking industriousness. It has continued to change the way banks and their corporate relationships are organized existence round-eyed and the variety of innovative devices available to promote the speed and eccentric of service preservation.Har experient and Jeff (1995) contend that fiscal service providers should modify their traditional operating practices to remain viable in the 1990s and the decades that follow. They claim that the most signifi senst flaw in the banking effort today is a wide spread failure on the part of senior management in banks to grasp the importance of technology and incorporate it into their strategic plans accordingly. Considering ICT to ensure banks survival, Woherem (2000) claimed that only banks that overhaul the whole of their payment and talking to systems and apply ICT to their operations are standardizedly to survive and prosper in the new millennium.He advices banks to re-examine their service and delivery systems in order to properly position them indoors the framework of the dictates of the dynamism of information and communication technology. The banking industry has witnessed tremendous changes linked with the developments in ICT over the stratums. Nigerian banks have undergone changes in their operations since the consolidation process of 2005, when some banks were forced to merge with others to meet exchange Bank of Nigerias (CBN) recapitalisation fund necessary for operation. Until then, most of the banks operated paper based systems at inception and later adjusted at the dawn of ICT revolution.In new-fangled times, ICT, which basically involves the mathematical function of electronic gadgets especially computers for storing, analyzing and distributing data, is having a dramatic influence on roughly all aspects of individual lives and that of the national economy the banking sector inclusive. The increase use of ICT has allowed for integration of different economic units in a spectacular way. This phenomenon is not only applicable to Nigeria but other economies of the world, though the level of their fashion may differ. In Nigeria, ICT physical exercise especially in the banking sector, has considerably improved, blush though it may not have been as high as those discover for advanced countries (Adeoti, 2005 Adeyemi, 2006).The use of ICT in the banking sector became of interest to this study receivable to the significant role it plays in the economy. It helps in stimulating economic growth by directing funds to economic agents that need them for productive activities. This function is very snappy for any economy that intends to experience meaningful growth because it makes arrangements that bring borrowers and lenders of fiscal resource together and more efficiently too than if they had to relate directly with one another (Adam, 2005 Ojo, 2007).In essence, the banking sector acts as a bridge that connects lenders and investors in the economy. The bank reforms (especially the recapitalization that specifies a minimum capital base of 25 billion naira for commercial banks), are pursued with a view to making the sector pass its objectives in advancing the economy (CBN, 2006). It is expected that the impact of these reforms en self-reliance be enhanced with the use of ICT because it will create some form of competitive utility and improve banking services through accuracy and efficiency in their transactions. In other words, it will change the nature of banks services in basis of quality which will culminate in greater service delivery and productiveness.This is in tandem with the fi ndings made by Adeoti (2005) that the use of information technology has the ability of astir(p) the competitiveness of Nigerian manufacturing industries. In fact, ICT has had an impact on the Banking attention as its emergence allows banks to apply credit-scoring techniques to consumer credits, mortgages or credit cards. Hence, products that used to be highly unfree on the banks evaluation of its customers have now become more standardized. Other examples of ICT impact on the Banking Industry include the increase process efficiency, which can mortify costs in banks.This has also produced changes in the structure of bank income. As a result of increased competition that has lowered margins in lending operations (the banks traditional business), banks have diversified their sources of income and rely progressively on income from fees services rather than interest rate spreads. Fees charged for services include typical banking activities like payment transactions, safe custody and write up administration. Data storage and retrieval is another wonderful innovation brought into the Banking Industry, where specialized software is engaged to create database to be manipulated by Database Management Software (DBMS).A single database created could be used for several inclinations deep down the system in order to eliminate data redundancy. From the higher up discourse, this paper seeks to determine whether or not the adoption of ICT enhances the operations of Nigerian banks.To achieve this, the introductory part of this paper after defining what ICT is, clearly completed that to remain viable in the current age as financial concerns, banks must adopt ICT. In the succeeding sections, the paper will review pertinent literature and identify the types of ICT infrastructures used in Banks the benefits and effects of ICT on banking industry will be discussed, after which an evaluation of its success or failure will be done then, the conclusion and recommendations wi ll be made.LITERATURE REVIEWThe Concept of ICT and a Perspective in Nigerian BanksTechnology can be referred to as the application of knowledge for the execution of a given task. It entails skills and processes necessary for carrying out activities (works) in a given context, while ICT encompasses computer systems, telecommunication, profitss, and multimedia applications (Frenzel, 1996). It came into use in the late 1980s replacing earlier terms like electronic Data Processing (EDP), Management Information System (MIS), although the latter terms are still in use (Frenzel, 1996). ICT has transcended the role of support services or only electronic data processing its fields of applications are close to global and unlimited. Its devices especially the Internet through the World Wide Web (www) and modern computer email facilities have further strengthened early innovations like the telephone and fax.Other ICT devices include data recognition equipment, factory automation hardware and services, tele-computing and teleconferences using real time and online system (Adeoti, 2005). It is a concept that is having a remarkable effect on closely entire aspects of the human endeavours. This connotes that it involves the application of principles to engage physical component in achieving an intended goal. The convergence of computer and telecommunication after about four decades of applying computers to routine data processing, mainly in information storage and retrieval, has created a new development where information has become the engine of growth around the world.This development has created catch-up opportunities for developing countries such as Nigeria to attain desired levels of development without necessarily reinventing the wheels of economic growth. This new technology has brought far-reaching revolution in societies, which has tremendously transformed most business (banking) scenes (Ovia, 2005). With respects to the banks in Nigeria, the first established ban k was in 1892 (then African Banking Corporation). However, there was no banking legislation until 1952 when terce foreign banks (Bank of British West Africa, Barclays Bank, and British and French Bank) and two indigenous banks (National Bank of Nigeria and African Continental Bank) were established, with a total consider of 40 branches (Iganiga, 1998). As at 1988, the Nigerian banking system consisted of the CBN, 42 commercial banks and 24 merchant banks (Iganiga, 1998 Adam, 2005).From 1970, the banking sector grew significantly in terms of number and coverage as a result of increase in economic activities. However, between 1970 and 1985, the growth of the sector was relatively slow due to predominant government regulations but the period 1986-2000 witnessed a phenomenal growth of the sector as a result of the financial deregulation policy, that is the Structural Adjustment Program-SAP of 1986 (Iganiga, 1998). This brought about the liberalization of bank licence guide to a rapid change in the sector. Some of the banks were characterized by paper oriented methods, rather than technological based systems and this resulted to slow pace of their operations vis--vis their employees productivity cum general performance.The use of computers and other ICT gadgets in their operations were limited. This was one of the reasons adduced by Ojo (2007) as factors responsible for the Nigerian financial sector malaise. To mitigate the shocks go through in the system, the Federal Government of Nigeria came up with the financial sector reforms through the CBN. The policy thrust on bank reforms encompasses the sum of the variations that occur in the thrill of a comprehensive banking system.The bank reforms agenda, among others, specified a minimum capital base of 25 billion naira for the commercial banks that took effect in December, 2005 (Diamond Bank, 2005 CBN, 2006). This has reduced the number of commercial banks in Nigeria from 89 to 25, which was done via the processe s of mergers, acquisition and the stock market (CBN, 2006 Ige, 2007). The major aim was to make Nigerian banks vibrant and resilient, clothed with efficiency and financial strength to absorb possible shocks, thereby instilling public confidence as well(p) as global relevance (Soludo, 2004).ICT and Nigerian Banking firmamentThe revolution in ICT has made the banking sector changed from the traditional mode of operations to presumably better ways with technological innovation that improves efficiency. ICT can enhance efficiency via its use and in recent times banks have been encouraged by the rapid decline in the price of ICT gadgets. This has perhaps increased the bank level of ICT usage (Ovia, 2005).The increase might have also be attributable to business environment that became relatively flexible to accommodate new forms of technological change as a result of reforms in the country. Banking is becoming highly ICT-based and because of its inter-sectoral link, it appears to be rea ping most of the benefits of revolution in technology, as can be seen by its application to almost all areas of its activities (Akinuli, 1999).It has broadened the scope of banking practices and changed the nature of banking as well as the competitive environment in which they operate. A broad opening has been experienced around the world for banks and they are currently taking due advantage of these innovations to provide improved customer services in the face of competition and faster services that enhance productivity (Akinuli, 1999 Ovia,2005). Technological advancement facilitates payments and creates convenient alternatives to cash and cheque for making transactions. Such new practices have led to the development of a truly global, unseamed and Internet enabled 24-hour business of banking.ICT revolution both(prenominal) in terms of innovation rate, speedy operation, and cost per unit (portraying reduction in average total and bare(a) costs) has made a good number of banks emb race the use of ICT infrastructure in their operations (Akinuli, 1999). The technological innovation that is being witnessed currently in the Nigerian banking sector is possible of impacting on the banks mode of transactions especially in their payment systems.The payment systems are made feasible by ICT gadgets such as Automated Teller Machine ( automated teller machine), Electronic Fund exchange (EFT), Clearing House Automated Payments (CHAPs), Electronic Purse (E-PURSE), Automated Cheque Sorter (ACS) and Electronic and Transfer at Point of Sale (EFTPOS), which have made transactions easy and convenient. This phenomenon is capable of bringing about speedy operations and enhanced productivity (Adeoti, 2005 Ovia, 2005).though there may be little interruptions at times due to network failures, which may make customers unable to carry out transactions at that point in time. This little shortcoming is not in any way comparable to the days when banking halls were characterized by long queues mainly as a result of delays in the traditional banking operations. Now banks can provide comprehensive services to their customers by making them access their accounts via online services.These instruments have an edge over the traditional payment instruments because it is safer, more efficient, convenient and cost effective. Before the introduction of these ICT services in the banking industry, manual processing of documents were in use. The bankers were made to cope with this onerous task, and the process made business transactions minimal. Besides several hectic procedures, people had to contend with, banks customers were inevitably made to spend several hours in the congested banking halls in carrying out their transactions (Ovia, 2005). The present situationThe ICT culture in Nigerian economy can be said to be on the increase. Nigeria is the largest Internet ratifier in Africa with about 100,000 Internet users as at 2000, which was estimated to have grossly increased (B alancing Act, 2007). It has also been observed that Nigerias telecommunication density had remarkably increased by more than 2,550% from 0.35% in 1992 to 9.3% in 2004, thereby greatly exceeding the external Telephone Unions (ITU) benchmark of 1% (Ndukwe, 2005). This phenomenon has helped banks keep square(p) information on-line which reduces the cost of marketing their products.Being a competitive tool, it enhances the creation of customized services, reduces the cost of operation, and improves productivity as well as profitability. More interestingly, almost all the banks in Nigeria have internet and on-line real time banking facilities which has improved the scope of Nigerian banking. It has aided transfer of funds from one perspective to another without any involvement of facial transactions thereby reducing the incidence of loss of funds to stealing and the likes. Another recent one is the telephone banking technology that allows customers to have transactions on their account s by calling a particular telephone number, through voice activation, and using a tone pad. whole of these improve the comfort of banking transactions.THE TYPES OF ICT SUBSTRUCTURES USED IN BANKSOvia (2005) opined that ICT adoption will improves three critical domains which are efficiency, quality, and transparency in any organisation. Agboola (2001) discussed the dimensions in which automation in the banking industry manifest in Nigeria. They include Bankers Automated Clearing serve ups Automated Payment Systems, Automated Delivery Channels.In the analysis done by Alawode and Kaka (2008) on ICT infrastructures used in Nigerian banks between the periods of 2000 to 2008, found a proportionate increase in adoption and use. The specific ICT infrastructural use within year 2000 to year 2008 include Internet Access Internal Network SMS Alert central of Postal Mail ICT Security Measures Authentication and Automated Payment System. The tabular presentation of the ICT structures and the analysis are presented below. This analysis and other recent literature will form the basis for evaluation of ICT adoption success or otherwise, and informs its comprehension in this seminar paper.TABLE 2.1SURVEY DATA OF SOME SELECTED BANKS IN NIGERIA AND THEIR UPTAKE IN SOME ICT INFRASTRUCTURESSerialnumbers ICT infrastructures Percentage of Nigeria Banks that use a particular ICT infrastructure within year2000 to year 2008. 2000 2002 2003 2005 2006 20081 Internet Access 27% 88% 91%2 Internal Network Wire based 68% 82% 92% Wireless 08% 19% 28%3 SMS Alert NIL 22% 98%4 Substitution of Postal mail 18% 38% 88%5 ICT Security measures 62% 81% 94%6 Authentication 33% 76% 85%7 Automated PaymentSystem 1% 28% 87%Source Alawode and Kaka (2008)Internet Access An important indicator of the general inlet of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the Banking Industry relates to the use and availability of Internet. Internet access is a precondition for e-Business, as this is t he main channel for e-banking. The general availability of Internet allows for the analysis of overall ICT-readiness in the Banking Industry. The Table shows that 91% of Banks canvass in Nigeria have access to the internet within year 2006 and 2008, While 27% and 88% from year 2000 to 2002 and from year 2003 to 2005 respectively. The drastic change that occurred from 27% to 88% from year 2000 to 2002 and from year 2003 to 2005 respectively was as the result of ICT awareness competitive products introduced by some the so called new generation banks.Virtually all other banks also braced up to satisfy their customers and there was general improvement in the services and products of Banking Industry. Use of Internal Network The application of networks is a vital part of an effective ICT-enabled system, which is especially true in the episode of banks with a branch network. Local Area Network (LAN) may also be seen as a basic indicator of the minimum infrastructure required to enable c ompanies to conduct e-banking at a substantial level. Wire-based LAN is currently the dominating technology. The pile shows that 92% banks surveyed use wire-based LAN from year 2006 to 2008.The fact that LAN is a relatively low-tech and easily attainable ICT solution, would to some extent explain the wide coverage of this technology from year 2000 to 2008. Wireless LAN is a relatively new technology in the Banking Industry, and is used to permit bank employees to access network resources from nearly any convenient location. The fact that, wireless LAN is relatively new technology accounts for its low percentage uptake in Banking Industry. Use of SMS wonderful Instant notification of transactions made was another innovation brought by ICT through the use of smart phone in conjunction with the internet quickness in the Banking Industry. Virtually all banks studied in Nigeria use SMS-Alert, except some of the Micro-finance Banks. It was an ICT infrastructure that recorded no patrona ge between year 2000 and 2002.Substitution of postal mail The Banking Industry is currently being renewed in many areas. One of these areas relate to the digitalization of formerly paper-based processes. Electronic mail is more and more being applied for especially non-legal correspondence like account statements, marketing and sales. More than 80% banks surveyed have substituted electronic mail with old postal mail within year 2006 to 2008. This outcome shows that, efficiency gains from electronic mail are yet to be reaped and indicates that the Industry is a bit fragmented in its uptake of electronic mail as means of communication. ICT security measures The security issue is of special concern in the Banking Industry, as banking is highly based on trust from its customers.Hence, the risk of hackers, denial of service attacks, technological failures, breach of privacy of customer information, and opportunities for fraud created by the anonymity of the parties to electronic transac tions all have to be managed. Depending upon its nature and scope, a breach in security can seriously damage public confidence in the stability of a financial ecesis or of a nations entire banking system. Hence, by introducing the appropriate security measures and putting security concerns at ease, the BI might be able to attract the segments among consumers who antecedently were not inclined to use e-banking. Furthermore, it is also in the banks own interest to improve security, as digital fraud can be costly both in financial losses, and in terms of the damage it does to the brand of the bank in question.Authentication The common concern among users of e-banking is related to the authentication of users and data connections. The use of digital signatures is not as common as PIN codes or encryption, and reason is the fact that digital signature is relatively new technology. The research even shows that none of the studied banks uses digital signature as the form of authentication, but the up-take in other types of authentication is generally high, up to 85% within the year 2006 and year 2008.Automated Payment System Devices used in Automated Payment Systems include Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) and Electronic Funds Transfer. ATM still ranked higher in its spread than Electronic Funds Transfer, Low rate of spread of this technology might be due to cost, worry of fraudulent practices and lack of facilities necessary for their operation. But generally speaking, the adoption of Automated Payment System increased dramatically. The table shows the increase from 28% to 87% within the range of 3-years.BENEFITS OF ICT ADOPTION ON BANKING INDUSTRYMany researchers have agreed on some benefits that accrue to ICT adoption and use in the banking industry. These include among others deepen operational efficiency. The use of ICT in the banking industry enhances the operational efficiency of the banks (Madueme, 2009). For example, the use of SMS alert, an ICT infrastructu re that recorded no patronage among Nigerian banks between year 2000 and 2002, has currently aided instant notification of transactions. Improved quality of service delivery. Many researchers (Ikechukwu, 2000 Madueme, 2009 Fenuga Oladejo, 2010) confirm that the application of ICT to banking operations has undoubtedly enhances the quality of customer service delivery in the banks.The uses of ICT-based payment systems such as Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) and Electronic Funds Transfer have actually improved the service delivery of Nigerian banks to its customers. For example, a money transfer transaction that used to take me days to transact has been reduced to a matter of few minutes. For a case in point, last week, I sent money to my brother through UBA bank and before I got to the gate after the transaction, I got a call from him confirming that his account was credited through a message alert. Increase in customer satisfaction. This benefit derives from the one above.According to Fenuga and Oladejo (2010), the adoption and use of ICT in the banking industry has increased customers satisfaction due to improved quality of banking services. Referring to the above case of personal experience, it is unequivocal that customer satisfaction has markedly increased as a result of adoption and application of ICT in Nigerian banks. Improved profit performance. Another important benefit of the adoption and use of ICT in the banking industry has to do with improved profit margin.Many studies (Baba Harker, 1997 Ikechukwu. 2000 Madueme, 2009 and Oladejo Adereti, 2010) have shown significant and positive correlation between ICT adoption and profitability of organisations. Increase in market shares. When ICT is successfully adopted and applied to banking operations, the overall performance of the banks is improved and this manifest in the corresponding increase in market shares, profitability and other indicators of performance (Oladejo Adereti, 2010). enhance competiti ve advantage. Researches by Ikechukwu (2000) and Oladejo and Adereti, 2010 have lent credence to the fact that application of ICT to the operations of the banks has boosted their operational efficiency and brought about greater competitive advantage in the industry.EFFECTS OF ICT ON BANKING INDUSTRYAgboola (2001) studied the impact of computer automation on the banking services in Lagos and discovered that Electronic Banking has tremendously improved the services of some banks to their customers in Lagos. The study was however restricted to the commercial nerve centre of Nigeria and concentrated on only six banks. He made a comparative analysis between the old and new generation banks and discovered variation in the rate of adoption of the automated devices. Aragba-Akpore (1998) wrote on the application of information technology in Nigerian banks and pointed out that ICT is becoming the backbone of banks services regeneration in Nigeria.He cited the Diamond Integrated Banking Servic es (DIBS) of Diamond Bank Limited and Electronic Smart Card Account (ESCA) of All States Bank Limited as efforts geared towards creating sophistication in the banking sector. Ovia (2000) discovered that banking in Nigeria has increasingly depended on the deployment of Information Communication Technology and that the ICT budget for banking is by far larger than that of any other industry in Nigeria. He contended that On-line system has facilitated Internet banking in Nigeria as evidenced in some of them launching websites.He found also that banks now offer customers the flexibility of operating an account in any branch irrespective of which branch the account is domiciled. Cashless transactions were made possible in our society of today. The mover of the economy (Banking Industry) is now well positioned to meet-up with the new contends from the costumers, competitors and even from the nations economy with right tool in their hand to reach limitless point of success. The Industry is now emergence on daily basis with respect to new innovations that are coming out in the world of technology.EvaluationThe banking business in Nigeria today can be assessed as being highly ICT based. The analysis of Alawode and Kaka (2008) ICT infrastructures used in some selected banks between year 2000 to year 2008 as earlier presented in table 2.1 clearly indicate the steady growth of ICT application in Nigerian Banks. Internet access usage, for example, rose from 27% between years 2000-2002 to 91% between years 2006-2008. SMS Alert that was nonexistent between the periods of 2000-2002 rose from nowhere to 98% between years 2006-2008. Similarly, Automated Payment System that was barely 1% between years 2000-2002 rose dramatically to 28% in years 2003-2005 and sky rocketed to 87% between years 2006-2008.The research, which provided the above analysis, is over 5 years old now. Considering the rate of growth reported in the analysis, it is obvious that most of the infrastructures m ay have reached their full potential. Drawing from above background, one could reasonably accept Akinulis (1999) viewpoint when he observed then that it appears Nigerian banks were reaping most of the benefits of revolution in technology, as can be seen by its application to almost all areas of its activities.Adeoti (2005), Ovia (2005) and Osabuohein (2008) in separate remarks affirmed the fact that the technological innovation witnessed in Nigerian banking sector is possible of impacting on the banks mode of operations especially in their payment systems. It is indeed unequivocal to state that ICT adoption in Nigerian banks has broadened the scope of banking practices and changed the nature of banking as well as the competitive environment in which they operate. Such new practices have led to the development of a truly global, seamless and Internet enabled 24-hour business of banking. In summary, the adoption of ICT in Nigerian banks can be said to be a success though not without s ome challenges.ChallengesThe automation of banking operations is really posing challenges to the Consumers, the banks themselves and regulatory/Supervisory authorities in Nigeria. Among the issues concerned are Infrastructural deficiencies It is obvious that the use of ICT in the banking industry require minimum level or basic infrastructure such as electricity, telecommunication and motorable roads. Yet all these remain great challenges even as they feature as manifestos in all political campaigns. ineffectuality of telecommunication service providers and epileptic supply of electricity have often times cost people to spend days suffering to recover pin down cards in ATMs.For example, there was a day my friends card got trapped for only God knows the reason, but on a Saturday when the banks faculty could not be accessed to recover neither the card nor alternatively withdraws money at UBA Aliade road branch. He had to wait until Monday morning to recover his card. Whatever his pu rpose for wanting to access money must have been defeated. Consumer Awareness and capacity A major challenge of ICT banking to many illiterate and semi-literate population of the country who abide in rural areas is lack of awareness of how the systems work and their inability to access the services which mostly exist in cities and high populated work areas or institutions.Access to ATM and GSM Telephones There are inadequate banking facilities to cover for the growing population of Nigerians who can access the services. Many households are unable to afford terminals and all accessories required for operating in todays banking system. The recent Federal governments 60 billion naira telephone project for 10 gazillion farmers (Olatunji, 2013) is one exemplification that majority of Nigerians are too poor to afford a telephone, a necessary accessory for accessing ICT banking services. Consumer Protection Another major challenge of adoption of ICT is the absence of statutory or regulat ory provisions to protect the consumer of the products/services. Fraud So much fraud has been reported within and outside banks due to ICT adoption.The high exposure of the system to fraudsters, hackers and other criminally minded persons who could access, retrieve and utilize confidential information from the system if security measures are weak to reduce unauthorized intrusion is another challenge to the authorities. Systems functional Risks Bank IT rests on computers and telecommunications which could be susceptible to system failure, internal manipulations and inconsistent regulatory policies (Etim, 2000).ConclusionConcerns about ICT role in attaining effectiveness, efficiency and productivity were raised in the late 1980s. Since then a large number of studies have emerged both at the industry and firm level that have substantially improved our understanding of the relationship between ICT and firm performance. This paper has clearly defined what ICT is and presented a review of relevant literature to aid understanding of the historical antecedents or reforms that necessitated its adoption in Nigerian banks by assessing the benefits and effects, and the journey so far.The paper further evaluated the success of ICT adoption as well as addresses the challenges it has posed to banks, consumers of services and supervising authorities. The paper concludes that the adoption of ICT has influenced the content and quality of banking operations positively. From all indications, ICT presents great potential for business process reengineering of Nigerian Banks. 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